Re: [PATCH v6 19/25] KVM: VMX: Emulate read and write to CET MSRs

[Sean Christopherson]

On Fri, Nov 03, 2023, Weijiang Yang wrote:
> On 11/2/2023 12:31 AM, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > On Tue, Oct 31, 2023, Maxim Levitsky wrote:
> > > On Thu, 2023-09-14 at 02:33 -0400, Yang Weijiang wrote:
> > > > Add emulation interface for CET MSR access. The emulation code is split
> > > > into common part and vendor specific part. The former does common check
> > > > for MSRs and reads/writes directly from/to XSAVE-managed MSRs via the
> > > > helpers while the latter accesses the MSRs linked to VMCS fields.
> > > > 
> > > > Signed-off-by: Yang Weijiang <weijiang.yang@xxxxxxxxx>
> > > > ---
> > ...
> > 
> > > > +	case MSR_IA32_PL0_SSP ... MSR_IA32_PL3_SSP:
> > > > +	case MSR_KVM_SSP:
> > > > +		if (host_msr_reset && kvm_cpu_cap_has(X86_FEATURE_SHSTK))
> > > > +			break;
> > > > +		if (!guest_can_use(vcpu, X86_FEATURE_SHSTK))
> > > > +			return 1;
> > > > +		if (index == MSR_KVM_SSP && !host_initiated)
> > > > +			return 1;
> > > > +		if (is_noncanonical_address(data, vcpu))
> > > > +			return 1;
> > > > +		if (index != MSR_IA32_INT_SSP_TAB && !IS_ALIGNED(data, 4))
> > > > +			return 1;
> > > > +		break;
> > > Once again I'll prefer to have an ioctl for setting/getting SSP, this will
> > > make the above code simpler (e.g there will be no need to check that write
> > > comes from the host/etc).
> > I don't think an ioctl() would be simpler overall, especially when factoring in
> > userspace.  With a synthetic MSR, we get the following quite cheaply:
> > 
> >   1. Enumerating support to userspace.
> >   2. Save/restore of the value, e.g. for live migration.
> >   3. Vendor hooks for propagating values to/from the VMCS/VMCB.
> > 
> > For an ioctl(), #1 would require a capability, #2 (and #1 to some extent) would
> > require new userspace flows, and #3 would require new kvm_x86_ops hooks.
> > 
> > The synthetic MSR adds a small amount of messiness, as does bundling
> > MSR_IA32_INT_SSP_TAB with the other shadow stack MSRs.  The bulk of the mess comes
> > from the need to allow userspace to write '0' when KVM enumerated supported to
> > userspace.
> > 
> > If we isolate MSR_IA32_INT_SSP_TAB, that'll help with the synthetic MSR and with
> > MSR_IA32_INT_SSP_TAB.  For the unfortunate "host reset" behavior, the best idea I
> > came up with is to add a helper.  It's still a bit ugly, but the ugliness is
> > contained in a helper and IMO makes it much easier to follow the case statements.
> 
> Frankly speaking, existing code is not hard to understand to me :-), the
> handling for MSR_KVM_SSP and MSR_IA32_INT_SSP_TAB is straightforward if
> audiences read the related spec.

I don't necessarily disagree, but I 100% agree with Maxim that host_msr_reset is
a confusing name.  As Maxim pointed out, '0' isn't necessarily the RESET value.
And host_msr_reset implies that userspace is emulating a RESET, which may not
actually be true, e.g. a naive userspace could be restoring '0' as part of live
migration.

> But I'll take your advice and enclose below changes. Thanks!

Definitely feel free to propose an alternative.  My goal with the suggested change
is eliminate host_msr_reset without creating creating unwieldy case statements.
Isolating MSR_IA32_INT_SSP_TAB was (obviously) the best solution I came up with.

> > get:
> > 
> > 	case MSR_IA32_INT_SSP_TAB:
> > 		if (!guest_can_use(vcpu, X86_FEATURE_SHSTK) ||
> > 		    !guest_cpuid_has(vcpu, X86_FEATURE_LM))
> > 			return 1;
> > 		break;
> > 	case MSR_KVM_SSP:
> > 		if (!host_initiated)
> > 			return 1;
> > 		fallthrough;
> > 	case MSR_IA32_PL0_SSP ... MSR_IA32_PL3_SSP:
> > 		if (!guest_can_use(vcpu, X86_FEATURE_SHSTK))
> > 			return 1;
> > 		break;
> > 
> > static bool is_set_cet_msr_allowed(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u32 index, u64 data,
> > 				   bool host_initiated)
> > {
> > 	bool any_cet = index == MSR_IA32_S_CET || index == MSR_IA32_U_CET;
> > 
> > 	if (guest_can_use(vcpu, X86_FEATURE_SHSTK))
> > 		return true;
> > 
> > 	if (any_cet && guest_can_use(vcpu, X86_FEATURE_IBT))
> > 		return true;
> > 
> > 	/*
> > 	 * If KVM supports the MSR, i.e. has enumerated the MSR existence to
> > 	 * userspace, then userspace is allowed to write '0' irrespective of
> > 	 * whether or not the MSR is exposed to the guest.
> > 	 */
> > 	if (!host_initiated || data)
> > 		return false;
> > 	if (kvm_cpu_cap_has(X86_FEATURE_SHSTK))
> > 		return true;
> > 
> > 	return any_cet && kvm_cpu_cap_has(X86_FEATURE_IBT);
> > }
> > 
> > set:
> > 	case MSR_IA32_U_CET:
> > 	case MSR_IA32_S_CET:
> > 		if (!is_set_cet_msr_allowed(vcpu, index, data, host_initiated))
> > 			return 1;
> > 		if (data & CET_US_RESERVED_BITS)
> > 			return 1;
> > 		if (!guest_can_use(vcpu, X86_FEATURE_SHSTK) &&
> > 		    (data & CET_US_SHSTK_MASK_BITS))
> > 			return 1;
> > 		if (!guest_can_use(vcpu, X86_FEATURE_IBT) &&
> > 		    (data & CET_US_IBT_MASK_BITS))
> > 			return 1;
> > 		if (!IS_ALIGNED(CET_US_LEGACY_BITMAP_BASE(data), 4))
> > 			return 1;
> > 
> > 		/* IBT can be suppressed iff the TRACKER isn't WAIT_ENDBR. */
> > 		if ((data & CET_SUPPRESS) && (data & CET_WAIT_ENDBR))
> > 			return 1;
> > 		break;
> > 	case MSR_IA32_INT_SSP_TAB:
> > 		if (!guest_cpuid_has(vcpu, X86_FEATURE_LM))
> > 			return 1;

Doh, I think this should be:

		if (!is_set_cet_msr_allowed(vcpu, index, data, host_initiated) ||
		    !guest_cpuid_has(vcpu, X86_FEATURE_LM))
			return 1;
> > 
> > 		if (is_noncanonical_address(data, vcpu))
> > 			return 1;
> > 		break;
> > 	case MSR_KVM_SSP:
> > 		if (!host_initiated)
> > 			return 1;
> > 		fallthrough;
> > 	case MSR_IA32_PL0_SSP ... MSR_IA32_PL3_SSP:
> > 		if (!is_set_cet_msr_allowed(vcpu, index, data, host_initiated))
> > 			return 1;
> > 		if (is_noncanonical_address(data, vcpu))
> > 			return 1;
> > 		if (!IS_ALIGNED(data, 4))
> > 			return 1;
> > 		break;
> > 	}
>