[PATCH 3/3] creds: convert cred.usage to refcount_t

From: Kees Cook
Date: Fri Jun 12 2020 - 14:35:12 EST

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From: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@xxxxxxxxx>

atomic_t variables are currently used to implement reference
counters with the following properties:
- counter is initialized to 1 using atomic_set()
- a resource is freed upon counter reaching zero
- once counter reaches zero, its further
increments aren't allowed
- counter schema uses basic atomic operations
(set, inc, inc_not_zero, dec_and_test, etc.)

Such atomic variables should be converted to a newly provided
refcount_t type and API that prevents accidental counter overflows
and underflows. This is important since overflows and underflows
can lead to use-after-free situation and be exploitable.

The variable cred.usage is used as pure reference counter.
Convert it to refcount_t and fix up the operations.

**Important note for maintainers:

Some functions from refcount_t API defined in lib/refcount.c
have different memory ordering guarantees than their atomic
counterparts.Please check Documentation/core-api/refcount-vs-atomic.rst
for more information.

Normally the differences should not matter since refcount_t provides
enough guarantees to satisfy the refcounting use cases, but in
some rare cases it might matter.
Please double check that you don't have some undocumented
memory guarantees for this variable usage.

For the cred.usage it might make a difference
in following places:
- get_task_cred(): increment in refcount_inc_not_zero() only
guarantees control dependency on success vs. fully ordered
atomic counterpart
- put_cred(): decrement in refcount_dec_and_test() only
provides RELEASE ordering and ACQUIRE ordering on success
vs. fully ordered atomic counterpart

Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@xxxxxxxxx>
Reviewed-by: David Windsor <dwindsor@xxxxxxxxx>
Reviewed-by: Hans Liljestrand <ishkamiel@xxxxxxxxx>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20190306110549.7628-4-elena.reshetova@xxxxxxxxx
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
include/linux/cred.h | 8 ++++----
kernel/cred.c | 42 +++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
net/sunrpc/auth.c | 2 +-
3 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/cred.h b/include/linux/cred.h
index 32be0daf5a32..d624b91de095 100644
--- a/include/linux/cred.h
+++ b/include/linux/cred.h
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ static inline int groups_search(const struct group_info *group_info, kgid_t grp)
* same context as task->real_cred.
*/
struct cred {
- atomic_t usage;
+ refcount_t usage;
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
atomic_t subscribers; /* number of processes subscribed */
void *put_addr;
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ static inline bool cap_ambient_invariant_ok(const struct cred *cred)
*/
static inline struct cred *get_new_cred(struct cred *cred)
{
- atomic_inc(&cred->usage);
+ refcount_inc(&cred->usage);
return cred;
}

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ static inline const struct cred *get_cred_rcu(const struct cred *cred)
struct cred *nonconst_cred = (struct cred *) cred;
if (!cred)
return NULL;
- if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&nonconst_cred->usage))
+ if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&nonconst_cred->usage))
return NULL;
validate_creds(cred);
nonconst_cred->non_rcu = 0;
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ static inline void put_cred(const struct cred *_cred)

if (cred) {
validate_creds(cred);
- if (atomic_dec_and_test(&(cred)->usage))
+ if (refcount_dec_and_test(&(cred)->usage))
__put_cred(cred);
}
}
diff --git a/kernel/cred.c b/kernel/cred.c
index ed95117d07c4..efde7ded71d4 100644
--- a/kernel/cred.c
+++ b/kernel/cred.c
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ struct group_info init_groups = { .usage = REFCOUNT_INIT(2) };
* The initial credentials for the initial task
*/
struct cred init_cred = {
- .usage = ATOMIC_INIT(4),
+ .usage = REFCOUNT_INIT(4),
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
.subscribers = ATOMIC_INIT(2),
.magic = CRED_MAGIC,
@@ -98,17 +98,17 @@ static void put_cred_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
if (cred->magic != CRED_MAGIC_DEAD ||
- atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0 ||
+ refcount_read(&cred->usage) != 0 ||
read_cred_subscribers(cred) != 0)
panic("CRED: put_cred_rcu() sees %p with"
" mag %x, put %p, usage %d, subscr %d\n",
cred, cred->magic, cred->put_addr,
- atomic_read(&cred->usage),
+ refcount_read(&cred->usage),
read_cred_subscribers(cred));
#else
- if (atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0)
+ if (refcount_read(&cred->usage) != 0)
panic("CRED: put_cred_rcu() sees %p with usage %d\n",
- cred, atomic_read(&cred->usage));
+ cred, refcount_read(&cred->usage));
#endif

security_cred_free(cred);
@@ -132,10 +132,10 @@ static void put_cred_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
void __put_cred(struct cred *cred)
{
kdebug("__put_cred(%p{%d,%d})", cred,
- atomic_read(&cred->usage),
+ refcount_read(&cred->usage),
read_cred_subscribers(cred));

- BUG_ON(atomic_read(&cred->usage) != 0);
+ BUG_ON(refcount_read(&cred->usage) != 0);
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
BUG_ON(read_cred_subscribers(cred) != 0);
cred->magic = CRED_MAGIC_DEAD;
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ void exit_creds(struct task_struct *tsk)
struct cred *cred;

kdebug("exit_creds(%u,%p,%p,{%d,%d})", tsk->pid, tsk->real_cred, tsk->cred,
- atomic_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
+ refcount_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
read_cred_subscribers(tsk->cred));

cred = (struct cred *) tsk->real_cred;
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ struct cred *cred_alloc_blank(void)
if (!new)
return NULL;

- atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
+ refcount_set(&new->usage, 1);
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
new->magic = CRED_MAGIC;
#endif
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ struct cred *prepare_creds(void)
memcpy(new, old, sizeof(struct cred));

new->non_rcu = 0;
- atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
+ refcount_set(&new->usage, 1);
set_cred_subscribers(new, 0);
get_group_info(new->group_info);
get_uid(new->user);
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ int copy_creds(struct task_struct *p, unsigned long clone_flags)
get_cred(p->cred);
alter_cred_subscribers(p->cred, 2);
kdebug("share_creds(%p{%d,%d})",
- p->cred, atomic_read(&p->cred->usage),
+ p->cred, refcount_read(&p->cred->usage),
read_cred_subscribers(p->cred));
atomic_inc(&p->cred->user->processes);
return 0;
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ int commit_creds(struct cred *new)
const struct cred *old = task->real_cred;

kdebug("commit_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
- atomic_read(&new->usage),
+ refcount_read(&new->usage),
read_cred_subscribers(new));

BUG_ON(task->cred != old);
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ int commit_creds(struct cred *new)
validate_creds(old);
validate_creds(new);
#endif
- BUG_ON(atomic_read(&new->usage) < 1);
+ BUG_ON(refcount_read(&new->usage) < 1);

get_cred(new); /* we will require a ref for the subj creds too */

@@ -523,13 +523,13 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(commit_creds);
void abort_creds(struct cred *new)
{
kdebug("abort_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
- atomic_read(&new->usage),
+ refcount_read(&new->usage),
read_cred_subscribers(new));

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
BUG_ON(read_cred_subscribers(new) != 0);
#endif
- BUG_ON(atomic_read(&new->usage) < 1);
+ BUG_ON(refcount_read(&new->usage) < 1);
put_cred(new);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(abort_creds);
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ const struct cred *override_creds(const struct cred *new)
const struct cred *old = current->cred;

kdebug("override_creds(%p{%d,%d})", new,
- atomic_read(&new->usage),
+ refcount_read(&new->usage),
read_cred_subscribers(new));

validate_creds(old);
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ const struct cred *override_creds(const struct cred *new)
alter_cred_subscribers(old, -1);

kdebug("override_creds() = %p{%d,%d}", old,
- atomic_read(&old->usage),
+ refcount_read(&old->usage),
read_cred_subscribers(old));
return old;
}
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ void revert_creds(const struct cred *old)
const struct cred *override = current->cred;

kdebug("revert_creds(%p{%d,%d})", old,
- atomic_read(&old->usage),
+ refcount_read(&old->usage),
read_cred_subscribers(old));

validate_creds(old);
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ struct cred *prepare_kernel_cred(struct task_struct *daemon)

*new = *old;
new->non_rcu = 0;
- atomic_set(&new->usage, 1);
+ refcount_set(&new->usage, 1);
set_cred_subscribers(new, 0);
get_uid(new->user);
get_user_ns(new->user_ns);
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ static void dump_invalid_creds(const struct cred *cred, const char *label,
printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->magic=%x, put_addr=%p\n",
cred->magic, cred->put_addr);
printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->usage=%d, subscr=%d\n",
- atomic_read(&cred->usage),
+ refcount_read(&cred->usage),
read_cred_subscribers(cred));
printk(KERN_ERR "CRED: ->*uid = { %d,%d,%d,%d }\n",
from_kuid_munged(&init_user_ns, cred->uid),
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ void validate_creds_for_do_exit(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
kdebug("validate_creds_for_do_exit(%p,%p{%d,%d})",
tsk->real_cred, tsk->cred,
- atomic_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
+ refcount_read(&tsk->cred->usage),
read_cred_subscribers(tsk->cred));

__validate_process_creds(tsk, __FILE__, __LINE__);
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/auth.c b/net/sunrpc/auth.c
index a9f0d17fdb0d..b2b7195536ae 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/auth.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/auth.c
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ static LIST_HEAD(cred_unused);
static unsigned long number_cred_unused;

static struct cred machine_cred = {
- .usage = ATOMIC_INIT(1),
+ .usage = REFCOUNT_INIT(1),
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
.magic = CRED_MAGIC,
#endif
--
2.25.1

Next message: Kees Cook: "[PATCH 1/3] nsproxy: convert nsproxy.count to refcount_t"
Previous message: Kees Cook: "[PATCH 0/3] Convert nsproxy, groups, and creds to refcount_t"
In reply to: kernel test robot: "[groups] 67467ae141: will-it-scale.per_process_ops 4.3% improvement"
Next in thread: Xiaoming Ni: "Re: [PATCH 3/3] creds: convert cred.usage to refcount_t"
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