[bug-report] Performance regression with fio sequential-write on a multipath setup.

[Harshit Mogalapalli]

Hi,

We have noticed a performance regression in kernel with fio sequential 
write job.

Notes and observations:
======================
1. This is observed on recent kernels(6.6) when compared with 5.15.y, 
the bisection points to commit d47f9717e5cf ("block/mq-deadline: use 
correct way to throttling write requests")
2. Reverting the above commit improves the performance.
3. This regression can also be seen on 6.8-rc7 and a revert on top of 
that fixes the regression.
4. The commit looks very much related to the cause of regression.
5. Note that this happens only with multi-path setup even with 2 block 
devices.

Test details:
============
(A) fio.write job

fio-3.19 -- fio version

[global]
ioengine=libaio
rw=write
bs=128k
iodepth=64
numjobs=24
direct=1
fsync=1
runtime=600
group_reporting

[job]
filename=/dev/dm-0
[job]
filename=/dev/dm-1

Each disk is of 600G size.

(B) Test results

6.8-rc7: 2 block devices with multi-path
-------

job: (g=0): rw=write, bs=(R) 128KiB-128KiB, (W) 128KiB-128KiB, (T) 
128KiB-128KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
..
job: (g=0): rw=write, bs=(R) 128KiB-128KiB, (W) 128KiB-128KiB, (T) 
128KiB-128KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
..
fio-3.19
Starting 48 processes

job: (groupid=0, jobs=48): err= 0: pid=6164: Wed Mar  6 17:58:33 2024
  write: IOPS=1884, BW=236MiB/s (247MB/s)(138GiB/600319msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (usec): min=2, max=540462, avg=25445.35, stdev=24181.85
    clat (msec): min=9, max=4941, avg=1602.56, stdev=339.05
     lat (msec): min=9, max=4973, avg=1628.00, stdev=342.19
    clat percentiles (msec):
     |  1.00th=[  986],  5.00th=[ 1167], 10.00th=[ 1250], 20.00th=[ 1368],
     | 30.00th=[ 1435], 40.00th=[ 1502], 50.00th=[ 1569], 60.00th=[ 1636],
     | 70.00th=[ 1703], 80.00th=[ 1804], 90.00th=[ 1955], 95.00th=[ 2140],
     | 99.00th=[ 2869], 99.50th=[ 3239], 99.90th=[ 3842], 99.95th=[ 4010],
     | 99.99th=[ 4329]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=47229, max=516492, per=100.00%, avg=241546.47, 
stdev=1326.92, samples=57259
   iops        : min=  322, max= 3996, avg=1843.17, stdev=10.39, 
samples=57259
  lat (msec)   : 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.01%, 100=0.01%, 250=0.02%
  lat (msec)   : 500=0.06%, 750=0.14%, 1000=0.93%, 2000=90.41%, 
>=2000=8.42%
  fsync/fdatasync/sync_file_range:
    sync (nsec): min=10, max=57940, avg=104.23, stdev=498.86
    sync percentiles (nsec):
     |  1.00th=[   13],  5.00th=[   19], 10.00th=[   26], 20.00th=[   61],
     | 30.00th=[   68], 40.00th=[   72], 50.00th=[   75], 60.00th=[   78],
     | 70.00th=[   87], 80.00th=[  167], 90.00th=[  175], 95.00th=[  177],
     | 99.00th=[  221], 99.50th=[  231], 99.90th=[  318], 99.95th=[15680],
     | 99.99th=[17792]
  cpu          : usr=0.08%, sys=0.16%, ctx=1096948, majf=0, minf=1995
  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, 
>=64=199.5%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, 
>=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, 
>=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,1131018,0,1127994 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=236MiB/s (247MB/s), 236MiB/s-236MiB/s (247MB/s-247MB/s), 
io=138GiB (148GB), run=600319-600319msec

Disk stats (read/write):
    dm-0: ios=50/533034, merge=0/27056, ticks=16/113070163, 
in_queue=113070180, util=100.00%, aggrios=43/266595, aggrmerge=0/0, 
aggrticks=156/56542549, aggrin_queue=56542706, aggrutil=100.00%
  sdac: ios=0/0, merge=0/0, ticks=0/0, in_queue=0, util=0.00%
  sde: ios=86/533191, merge=0/0, ticks=313/113085099, 
in_queue=113085413, util=100.00%
    dm-1: ios=5/534381, merge=0/36389, ticks=240/113110344, 
in_queue=113110584, util=100.00%, aggrios=7/267191, aggrmerge=0/0, 
aggrticks=153/56543654, aggrin_queue=56543807, aggrutil=100.00%
  sdf: ios=14/534382, merge=0/0, ticks=306/113087308, 
in_queue=113087615, util=100.00%
  sdad: ios=0/0, merge=0/0, ticks=0/0, in_queue=0, util=0.00%

Throughput Results:
WRITE:247:1884:0


6.8-rc7+ Revert : 2 block devices with multi-path
-------

job: (g=0): rw=write, bs=(R) 128KiB-128KiB, (W) 128KiB-128KiB, (T) 
128KiB-128KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
..
job: (g=0): rw=write, bs=(R) 128KiB-128KiB, (W) 128KiB-128KiB, (T) 
128KiB-128KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
..
fio-3.19
Starting 48 processes

job: (groupid=0, jobs=48): err= 0: pid=6104: Wed Mar  6 18:29:13 2024
  write: IOPS=2518, BW=315MiB/s (330MB/s)(185GiB/600339msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (usec): min=2, max=923472, avg=6789.22, stdev=20329.20
    clat (msec): min=4, max=6020, avg=1212.68, stdev=714.90
     lat (msec): min=4, max=6020, avg=1219.47, stdev=718.40
    clat percentiles (msec):
     |  1.00th=[  203],  5.00th=[  309], 10.00th=[  384], 20.00th=[  535],
     | 30.00th=[  709], 40.00th=[  911], 50.00th=[ 1133], 60.00th=[ 1334],
     | 70.00th=[ 1519], 80.00th=[ 1754], 90.00th=[ 2198], 95.00th=[ 2601],
     | 99.00th=[ 3171], 99.50th=[ 3608], 99.90th=[ 4329], 99.95th=[ 4597],
     | 99.99th=[ 5134]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=12237, max=1834896, per=100.00%, avg=413187.52, 
stdev=6322.04, samples=44948
   iops        : min=   48, max=14314, avg=3186.68, stdev=49.49, 
samples=44948
  lat (msec)   : 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.09%, 100=0.02%, 250=2.28%
  lat (msec)   : 500=15.45%, 750=14.26%, 1000=11.83%, 2000=42.52%, 
>=2000=13.55%
  fsync/fdatasync/sync_file_range:
    sync (nsec): min=10, max=76066, avg=57.85, stdev=299.52
    sync percentiles (nsec):
     |  1.00th=[   13],  5.00th=[   14], 10.00th=[   15], 20.00th=[   16],
     | 30.00th=[   17], 40.00th=[   20], 50.00th=[   28], 60.00th=[   47],
     | 70.00th=[   65], 80.00th=[   80], 90.00th=[  103], 95.00th=[  175],
     | 99.00th=[  237], 99.50th=[  241], 99.90th=[  262], 99.95th=[  318],
     | 99.99th=[16512]
  cpu          : usr=0.06%, sys=0.07%, ctx=531434, majf=0, minf=728
  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, 
>=64=199.6%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, 
>=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, 
>=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,1511918,0,1508894 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=315MiB/s (330MB/s), 315MiB/s-315MiB/s (330MB/s-330MB/s), 
io=185GiB (198GB), run=600339-600339msec

Disk stats (read/write):
    dm-0: ios=0/246318, merge=0/493981, ticks=0/142584585, 
in_queue=142584586, util=99.17%, aggrios=6/181454, aggrmerge=0/0, 
aggrticks=112/70608689, aggrin_queue=70608801, aggrutil=84.92%
  sdac: ios=0/0, merge=0/0, ticks=0/0, in_queue=0, util=0.00%
  sde: ios=12/362908, merge=0/0, ticks=224/141217379, 
in_queue=141217603, util=84.92%
    dm-1: ios=0/233211, merge=0/538097, ticks=0/142579042, 
in_queue=142579043, util=99.15%, aggrios=8/174475, aggrmerge=0/0, 
aggrticks=128/70654686, aggrin_queue=70654814, aggrutil=85.20%
  sdf: ios=16/348951, merge=0/0, ticks=256/141309372, 
in_queue=141309628, util=85.20%
  sdad: ios=0/0, merge=0/0, ticks=0/0, in_queue=0, util=0.00%

Throughput Results:
WRITE:330:2518:0

(C) performance difference:

That is roughly a 33.65% performance change, this is reproducible on 
higher number of block devices as well.



Thanks to Paul Webb for identifying this regression and sharing the details.
We will be happy to test any patches to check the change in performance 
and also follow any suggestions.


Thanks,
Harshit