Re: [RFC PATCH net-next v6 07/15] page_pool: convert to use netmem
From: Mina Almasry
Date: Tue Mar 05 2024 - 16:31:45 EST
On Mon, Mar 4, 2024 at 6:02 PM Mina Almasry <almasrymina@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>
> Abstrace the memory type from the page_pool so we can later add support
> for new memory types. Convert the page_pool to use the new netmem type
> abstraction, rather than use struct page directly.
>
> As of this patch the netmem type is a no-op abstraction: it's always a
> struct page underneath. All the page pool internals are converted to
> use struct netmem instead of struct page, and the page pool now exports
> 2 APIs:
>
> 1. The existing struct page API.
> 2. The new struct netmem API.
>
> Keeping the existing API is transitional; we do not want to refactor all
> the current drivers using the page pool at once.
>
> The netmem abstraction is currently a no-op. The page_pool uses
> page_to_netmem() to convert allocated pages to netmem, and uses
> netmem_to_page() to convert the netmem back to pages to pass to mm APIs,
>
> Follow up patches to this series add non-paged netmem support to the
> page_pool. This change is factored out on its own to limit the code
> churn to this 1 patch, for ease of code review.
>
> Signed-off-by: Mina Almasry <almasrymina@xxxxxxxxxx>
>
Per David Howell's request, I'm forwarding these 2 patches from the
series to linux-mm & Mathew Wilcox.
https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/950858.1709622997@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/
+linux-mm +Mathew Wilcox +David Howells
> ---
>
> v6:
>
> - Rebased on top of the merged netmem_ref type.
>
> ---
> include/linux/skbuff.h | 4 +-
> include/net/netmem.h | 15 ++
> include/net/page_pool/helpers.h | 122 +++++++++----
> include/net/page_pool/types.h | 17 +-
> include/trace/events/page_pool.h | 29 +--
> net/bpf/test_run.c | 5 +-
> net/core/page_pool.c | 303 +++++++++++++++++--------------
> net/core/skbuff.c | 7 +-
> 8 files changed, 302 insertions(+), 200 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/skbuff.h b/include/linux/skbuff.h
> index d577e0bee18d..ca29d1fd4561 100644
> --- a/include/linux/skbuff.h
> +++ b/include/linux/skbuff.h
> @@ -3504,7 +3504,7 @@ int skb_pp_cow_data(struct page_pool *pool, struct sk_buff **pskb,
> unsigned int headroom);
> int skb_cow_data_for_xdp(struct page_pool *pool, struct sk_buff **pskb,
> struct bpf_prog *prog);
> -bool napi_pp_put_page(struct page *page, bool napi_safe);
> +bool napi_pp_put_page(netmem_ref netmem, bool napi_safe);
>
> static inline void
> napi_frag_unref(skb_frag_t *frag, bool recycle, bool napi_safe)
> @@ -3512,7 +3512,7 @@ napi_frag_unref(skb_frag_t *frag, bool recycle, bool napi_safe)
> struct page *page = skb_frag_page(frag);
>
> #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_POOL
> - if (recycle && napi_pp_put_page(page, napi_safe))
> + if (recycle && napi_pp_put_page(page_to_netmem(page), napi_safe))
> return;
> #endif
> put_page(page);
> diff --git a/include/net/netmem.h b/include/net/netmem.h
> index ca17ea1d33f8..21f53b29e5fe 100644
> --- a/include/net/netmem.h
> +++ b/include/net/netmem.h
> @@ -88,4 +88,19 @@ static inline netmem_ref page_to_netmem(struct page *page)
> return (__force netmem_ref)page;
> }
>
> +static inline int netmem_ref_count(netmem_ref netmem)
> +{
> + return page_ref_count(netmem_to_page(netmem));
> +}
> +
> +static inline unsigned long netmem_to_pfn(netmem_ref netmem)
> +{
> + return page_to_pfn(netmem_to_page(netmem));
> +}
> +
> +static inline netmem_ref netmem_compound_head(netmem_ref netmem)
> +{
> + return page_to_netmem(compound_head(netmem_to_page(netmem)));
> +}
> +
> #endif /* _NET_NETMEM_H */
> diff --git a/include/net/page_pool/helpers.h b/include/net/page_pool/helpers.h
> index 1d397c1a0043..61814f91a458 100644
> --- a/include/net/page_pool/helpers.h
> +++ b/include/net/page_pool/helpers.h
> @@ -53,6 +53,8 @@
> #define _NET_PAGE_POOL_HELPERS_H
>
> #include <net/page_pool/types.h>
> +#include <net/net_debug.h>
> +#include <net/netmem.h>
>
> #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_POOL_STATS
> /* Deprecated driver-facing API, use netlink instead */
> @@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ static inline struct page *page_pool_dev_alloc_pages(struct page_pool *pool)
> * Get a page fragment from the page allocator or page_pool caches.
> *
> * Return:
> - * Return allocated page fragment, otherwise return NULL.
> + * Return allocated page fragment, otherwise return 0.
> */
> static inline struct page *page_pool_dev_alloc_frag(struct page_pool *pool,
> unsigned int *offset,
> @@ -112,22 +114,22 @@ static inline struct page *page_pool_dev_alloc_frag(struct page_pool *pool,
> return page_pool_alloc_frag(pool, offset, size, gfp);
> }
>
> -static inline struct page *page_pool_alloc(struct page_pool *pool,
> - unsigned int *offset,
> - unsigned int *size, gfp_t gfp)
> +static inline netmem_ref page_pool_alloc(struct page_pool *pool,
> + unsigned int *offset,
> + unsigned int *size, gfp_t gfp)
> {
> unsigned int max_size = PAGE_SIZE << pool->p.order;
> - struct page *page;
> + netmem_ref netmem;
>
> if ((*size << 1) > max_size) {
> *size = max_size;
> *offset = 0;
> - return page_pool_alloc_pages(pool, gfp);
> + return page_pool_alloc_netmem(pool, gfp);
> }
>
> - page = page_pool_alloc_frag(pool, offset, *size, gfp);
> - if (unlikely(!page))
> - return NULL;
> + netmem = page_pool_alloc_frag_netmem(pool, offset, *size, gfp);
> + if (unlikely(!netmem))
> + return 0;
>
> /* There is very likely not enough space for another fragment, so append
> * the remaining size to the current fragment to avoid truesize
> @@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ static inline struct page *page_pool_alloc(struct page_pool *pool,
> pool->frag_offset = max_size;
> }
>
> - return page;
> + return netmem;
> }
>
> /**
> @@ -152,7 +154,7 @@ static inline struct page *page_pool_alloc(struct page_pool *pool,
> * utilization and performance penalty.
> *
> * Return:
> - * Return allocated page or page fragment, otherwise return NULL.
> + * Return allocated page or page fragment, otherwise return 0.
> */
> static inline struct page *page_pool_dev_alloc(struct page_pool *pool,
> unsigned int *offset,
> @@ -160,7 +162,7 @@ static inline struct page *page_pool_dev_alloc(struct page_pool *pool,
> {
> gfp_t gfp = (GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOWARN);
>
> - return page_pool_alloc(pool, offset, size, gfp);
> + return netmem_to_page(page_pool_alloc(pool, offset, size, gfp));
> }
>
> static inline void *page_pool_alloc_va(struct page_pool *pool,
> @@ -170,9 +172,10 @@ static inline void *page_pool_alloc_va(struct page_pool *pool,
> struct page *page;
>
> /* Mask off __GFP_HIGHMEM to ensure we can use page_address() */
> - page = page_pool_alloc(pool, &offset, size, gfp & ~__GFP_HIGHMEM);
> + page = netmem_to_page(
> + page_pool_alloc(pool, &offset, size, gfp & ~__GFP_HIGHMEM));
> if (unlikely(!page))
> - return NULL;
> + return 0;
>
> return page_address(page) + offset;
> }
> @@ -187,7 +190,7 @@ static inline void *page_pool_alloc_va(struct page_pool *pool,
> * it returns va of the allocated page or page fragment.
> *
> * Return:
> - * Return the va for the allocated page or page fragment, otherwise return NULL.
> + * Return the va for the allocated page or page fragment, otherwise return 0.
> */
> static inline void *page_pool_dev_alloc_va(struct page_pool *pool,
> unsigned int *size)
> @@ -210,6 +213,11 @@ inline enum dma_data_direction page_pool_get_dma_dir(struct page_pool *pool)
> return pool->p.dma_dir;
> }
>
> +static inline void page_pool_fragment_netmem(netmem_ref netmem, long nr)
> +{
> + atomic_long_set(&netmem_to_page(netmem)->pp_ref_count, nr);
> +}
> +
> /**
> * page_pool_fragment_page() - split a fresh page into fragments
> * @page: page to split
> @@ -230,11 +238,12 @@ inline enum dma_data_direction page_pool_get_dma_dir(struct page_pool *pool)
> */
> static inline void page_pool_fragment_page(struct page *page, long nr)
> {
> - atomic_long_set(&page->pp_ref_count, nr);
> + page_pool_fragment_netmem(page_to_netmem(page), nr);
> }
>
> -static inline long page_pool_unref_page(struct page *page, long nr)
> +static inline long page_pool_unref_netmem(netmem_ref netmem, long nr)
> {
> + struct page *page = netmem_to_page(netmem);
> long ret;
>
> /* If nr == pp_ref_count then we have cleared all remaining
> @@ -277,15 +286,41 @@ static inline long page_pool_unref_page(struct page *page, long nr)
> return ret;
> }
>
> +static inline long page_pool_unref_page(struct page *page, long nr)
> +{
> + return page_pool_unref_netmem(page_to_netmem(page), nr);
> +}
> +
> +static inline void page_pool_ref_netmem(netmem_ref netmem)
> +{
> + atomic_long_inc(&netmem_to_page(netmem)->pp_ref_count);
> +}
> +
> static inline void page_pool_ref_page(struct page *page)
> {
> - atomic_long_inc(&page->pp_ref_count);
> + page_pool_ref_netmem(page_to_netmem(page));
> }
>
> -static inline bool page_pool_is_last_ref(struct page *page)
> +static inline bool page_pool_is_last_ref(netmem_ref netmem)
> {
> /* If page_pool_unref_page() returns 0, we were the last user */
> - return page_pool_unref_page(page, 1) == 0;
> + return page_pool_unref_netmem(netmem, 1) == 0;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void page_pool_put_netmem(struct page_pool *pool,
> + netmem_ref netmem,
> + unsigned int dma_sync_size,
> + bool allow_direct)
> +{
> + /* When page_pool isn't compiled-in, net/core/xdp.c doesn't
> + * allow registering MEM_TYPE_PAGE_POOL, but shield linker.
> + */
> +#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_POOL
> + if (!page_pool_is_last_ref(netmem))
> + return;
> +
> + page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem(pool, netmem, dma_sync_size, allow_direct);
> +#endif
> }
>
> /**
> @@ -306,15 +341,15 @@ static inline void page_pool_put_page(struct page_pool *pool,
> unsigned int dma_sync_size,
> bool allow_direct)
> {
> - /* When page_pool isn't compiled-in, net/core/xdp.c doesn't
> - * allow registering MEM_TYPE_PAGE_POOL, but shield linker.
> - */
> -#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_POOL
> - if (!page_pool_is_last_ref(page))
> - return;
> + page_pool_put_netmem(pool, page_to_netmem(page), dma_sync_size,
> + allow_direct);
> +}
>
> - page_pool_put_unrefed_page(pool, page, dma_sync_size, allow_direct);
> -#endif
> +static inline void page_pool_put_full_netmem(struct page_pool *pool,
> + netmem_ref netmem,
> + bool allow_direct)
> +{
> + page_pool_put_netmem(pool, netmem, -1, allow_direct);
> }
>
> /**
> @@ -329,7 +364,7 @@ static inline void page_pool_put_page(struct page_pool *pool,
> static inline void page_pool_put_full_page(struct page_pool *pool,
> struct page *page, bool allow_direct)
> {
> - page_pool_put_page(pool, page, -1, allow_direct);
> + page_pool_put_netmem(pool, page_to_netmem(page), -1, allow_direct);
> }
>
> /**
> @@ -363,6 +398,18 @@ static inline void page_pool_free_va(struct page_pool *pool, void *va,
> page_pool_put_page(pool, virt_to_head_page(va), -1, allow_direct);
> }
>
> +static inline dma_addr_t page_pool_get_dma_addr_netmem(netmem_ref netmem)
> +{
> + struct page *page = netmem_to_page(netmem);
> +
> + dma_addr_t ret = page->dma_addr;
> +
> + if (PAGE_POOL_32BIT_ARCH_WITH_64BIT_DMA)
> + ret <<= PAGE_SHIFT;
> +
> + return ret;
> +}
> +
> /**
> * page_pool_get_dma_addr() - Retrieve the stored DMA address.
> * @page: page allocated from a page pool
> @@ -372,16 +419,14 @@ static inline void page_pool_free_va(struct page_pool *pool, void *va,
> */
> static inline dma_addr_t page_pool_get_dma_addr(struct page *page)
> {
> - dma_addr_t ret = page->dma_addr;
> -
> - if (PAGE_POOL_32BIT_ARCH_WITH_64BIT_DMA)
> - ret <<= PAGE_SHIFT;
> -
> - return ret;
> + return page_pool_get_dma_addr_netmem(page_to_netmem(page));
> }
>
> -static inline bool page_pool_set_dma_addr(struct page *page, dma_addr_t addr)
> +static inline bool page_pool_set_dma_addr_netmem(netmem_ref netmem,
> + dma_addr_t addr)
> {
> + struct page *page = netmem_to_page(netmem);
> +
> if (PAGE_POOL_32BIT_ARCH_WITH_64BIT_DMA) {
> page->dma_addr = addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
>
> @@ -395,6 +440,11 @@ static inline bool page_pool_set_dma_addr(struct page *page, dma_addr_t addr)
> return false;
> }
>
> +static inline bool page_pool_set_dma_addr(struct page *page, dma_addr_t addr)
> +{
> + return page_pool_set_dma_addr_netmem(page_to_netmem(page), addr);
> +}
> +
> static inline bool page_pool_put(struct page_pool *pool)
> {
> return refcount_dec_and_test(&pool->user_cnt);
> diff --git a/include/net/page_pool/types.h b/include/net/page_pool/types.h
> index ffe5f31fb0da..68a24c5ae827 100644
> --- a/include/net/page_pool/types.h
> +++ b/include/net/page_pool/types.h
> @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
> #define PP_ALLOC_CACHE_REFILL 64
> struct pp_alloc_cache {
> u32 count;
> - struct page *cache[PP_ALLOC_CACHE_SIZE];
> + netmem_ref cache[PP_ALLOC_CACHE_SIZE];
> };
>
> /**
> @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ struct page_pool_params {
> struct_group_tagged(page_pool_params_slow, slow,
> struct net_device *netdev;
> /* private: used by test code only */
> - void (*init_callback)(struct page *page, void *arg);
> + void (*init_callback)(netmem_ref netmem, void *arg);
> void *init_arg;
> );
> };
> @@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ struct page_pool_stats {
> struct memory_provider_ops {
> int (*init)(struct page_pool *pool);
> void (*destroy)(struct page_pool *pool);
> - struct page *(*alloc_pages)(struct page_pool *pool, gfp_t gfp);
> - bool (*release_page)(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page);
> + netmem_ref (*alloc_pages)(struct page_pool *pool, gfp_t gfp);
> + bool (*release_page)(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem);
> };
>
> struct page_pool {
> @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ struct page_pool {
> bool has_init_callback;
>
> long frag_users;
> - struct page *frag_page;
> + netmem_ref frag_page;
> unsigned int frag_offset;
> u32 pages_state_hold_cnt;
>
> @@ -214,8 +214,12 @@ struct page_pool {
> };
>
> struct page *page_pool_alloc_pages(struct page_pool *pool, gfp_t gfp);
> +netmem_ref page_pool_alloc_netmem(struct page_pool *pool, gfp_t gfp);
> struct page *page_pool_alloc_frag(struct page_pool *pool, unsigned int *offset,
> unsigned int size, gfp_t gfp);
> +netmem_ref page_pool_alloc_frag_netmem(struct page_pool *pool,
> + unsigned int *offset, unsigned int size,
> + gfp_t gfp);
> struct page_pool *page_pool_create(const struct page_pool_params *params);
> struct page_pool *page_pool_create_percpu(const struct page_pool_params *params,
> int cpuid);
> @@ -245,6 +249,9 @@ static inline void page_pool_put_page_bulk(struct page_pool *pool, void **data,
> }
> #endif
>
> +void page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem,
> + unsigned int dma_sync_size,
> + bool allow_direct);
> void page_pool_put_unrefed_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page,
> unsigned int dma_sync_size,
> bool allow_direct);
> diff --git a/include/trace/events/page_pool.h b/include/trace/events/page_pool.h
> index 6834356b2d2a..c5b6383ff276 100644
> --- a/include/trace/events/page_pool.h
> +++ b/include/trace/events/page_pool.h
> @@ -42,51 +42,52 @@ TRACE_EVENT(page_pool_release,
> TRACE_EVENT(page_pool_state_release,
>
> TP_PROTO(const struct page_pool *pool,
> - const struct page *page, u32 release),
> + netmem_ref netmem, u32 release),
>
> - TP_ARGS(pool, page, release),
> + TP_ARGS(pool, netmem, release),
>
> TP_STRUCT__entry(
> __field(const struct page_pool *, pool)
> - __field(const struct page *, page)
> + __field(netmem_ref, netmem)
> __field(u32, release)
> __field(unsigned long, pfn)
> ),
>
> TP_fast_assign(
> __entry->pool = pool;
> - __entry->page = page;
> + __entry->netmem = netmem;
> __entry->release = release;
> - __entry->pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
> + __entry->pfn = netmem_to_pfn(netmem);
> ),
>
> - TP_printk("page_pool=%p page=%p pfn=0x%lx release=%u",
> - __entry->pool, __entry->page, __entry->pfn, __entry->release)
> + TP_printk("page_pool=%p netmem=%lu pfn=0x%lx release=%u",
> + __entry->pool, (__force unsigned long)__entry->netmem,
> + __entry->pfn, __entry->release)
> );
>
> TRACE_EVENT(page_pool_state_hold,
>
> TP_PROTO(const struct page_pool *pool,
> - const struct page *page, u32 hold),
> + netmem_ref netmem, u32 hold),
>
> - TP_ARGS(pool, page, hold),
> + TP_ARGS(pool, netmem, hold),
>
> TP_STRUCT__entry(
> __field(const struct page_pool *, pool)
> - __field(const struct page *, page)
> + __field(netmem_ref, netmem)
> __field(u32, hold)
> __field(unsigned long, pfn)
> ),
>
> TP_fast_assign(
> __entry->pool = pool;
> - __entry->page = page;
> + __entry->netmem = netmem;
> __entry->hold = hold;
> - __entry->pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
> + __entry->pfn = netmem_to_pfn(netmem);
> ),
>
> - TP_printk("page_pool=%p page=%p pfn=0x%lx hold=%u",
> - __entry->pool, __entry->page, __entry->pfn, __entry->hold)
> + TP_printk("page_pool=%p netmem=%lu pfn=0x%lx hold=%u",
> + __entry->pool, __entry->netmem, __entry->pfn, __entry->hold)
> );
>
> TRACE_EVENT(page_pool_update_nid,
> diff --git a/net/bpf/test_run.c b/net/bpf/test_run.c
> index 5535f9adc658..bc8f7ab88f86 100644
> --- a/net/bpf/test_run.c
> +++ b/net/bpf/test_run.c
> @@ -126,9 +126,10 @@ struct xdp_test_data {
> #define TEST_XDP_FRAME_SIZE (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(struct xdp_page_head))
> #define TEST_XDP_MAX_BATCH 256
>
> -static void xdp_test_run_init_page(struct page *page, void *arg)
> +static void xdp_test_run_init_page(netmem_ref netmem, void *arg)
> {
> - struct xdp_page_head *head = phys_to_virt(page_to_phys(page));
> + struct xdp_page_head *head =
> + phys_to_virt(page_to_phys(netmem_to_page(netmem)));
> struct xdp_buff *new_ctx, *orig_ctx;
> u32 headroom = XDP_PACKET_HEADROOM;
> struct xdp_test_data *xdp = arg;
> diff --git a/net/core/page_pool.c b/net/core/page_pool.c
> index fe9de4ecce94..24d5236b2efc 100644
> --- a/net/core/page_pool.c
> +++ b/net/core/page_pool.c
> @@ -329,19 +329,18 @@ struct page_pool *page_pool_create(const struct page_pool_params *params)
> }
> EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_create);
>
> -static void page_pool_return_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page);
> +static void page_pool_return_page(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem);
>
> -noinline
> -static struct page *page_pool_refill_alloc_cache(struct page_pool *pool)
> +static noinline netmem_ref page_pool_refill_alloc_cache(struct page_pool *pool)
> {
> struct ptr_ring *r = &pool->ring;
> - struct page *page;
> + netmem_ref netmem;
> int pref_nid; /* preferred NUMA node */
>
> /* Quicker fallback, avoid locks when ring is empty */
> if (__ptr_ring_empty(r)) {
> alloc_stat_inc(pool, empty);
> - return NULL;
> + return 0;
> }
>
> /* Softirq guarantee CPU and thus NUMA node is stable. This,
> @@ -356,56 +355,56 @@ static struct page *page_pool_refill_alloc_cache(struct page_pool *pool)
>
> /* Refill alloc array, but only if NUMA match */
> do {
> - page = __ptr_ring_consume(r);
> - if (unlikely(!page))
> + netmem = (__force netmem_ref)__ptr_ring_consume(r);
> + if (unlikely(!netmem))
> break;
>
> - if (likely(page_to_nid(page) == pref_nid)) {
> - pool->alloc.cache[pool->alloc.count++] = page;
> + if (likely(page_to_nid(netmem_to_page(netmem)) == pref_nid)) {
> + pool->alloc.cache[pool->alloc.count++] = netmem;
> } else {
> /* NUMA mismatch;
> * (1) release 1 page to page-allocator and
> * (2) break out to fallthrough to alloc_pages_node.
> * This limit stress on page buddy alloactor.
> */
> - page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
> + page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
> alloc_stat_inc(pool, waive);
> - page = NULL;
> + netmem = 0;
> break;
> }
> } while (pool->alloc.count < PP_ALLOC_CACHE_REFILL);
>
> /* Return last page */
> if (likely(pool->alloc.count > 0)) {
> - page = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
> + netmem = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
> alloc_stat_inc(pool, refill);
> }
>
> - return page;
> + return netmem;
> }
>
> /* fast path */
> -static struct page *__page_pool_get_cached(struct page_pool *pool)
> +static netmem_ref __page_pool_get_cached(struct page_pool *pool)
> {
> - struct page *page;
> + netmem_ref netmem;
>
> /* Caller MUST guarantee safe non-concurrent access, e.g. softirq */
> if (likely(pool->alloc.count)) {
> /* Fast-path */
> - page = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
> + netmem = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
> alloc_stat_inc(pool, fast);
> } else {
> - page = page_pool_refill_alloc_cache(pool);
> + netmem = page_pool_refill_alloc_cache(pool);
> }
>
> - return page;
> + return netmem;
> }
>
> static void page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(struct page_pool *pool,
> - struct page *page,
> + netmem_ref netmem,
> unsigned int dma_sync_size)
> {
> - dma_addr_t dma_addr = page_pool_get_dma_addr(page);
> + dma_addr_t dma_addr = page_pool_get_dma_addr_netmem(netmem);
>
> dma_sync_size = min(dma_sync_size, pool->p.max_len);
> dma_sync_single_range_for_device(pool->p.dev, dma_addr,
> @@ -413,7 +412,7 @@ static void page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(struct page_pool *pool,
> pool->p.dma_dir);
> }
>
> -static bool page_pool_dma_map(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
> +static bool page_pool_dma_map(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem)
> {
> dma_addr_t dma;
>
> @@ -422,18 +421,18 @@ static bool page_pool_dma_map(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
> * into page private data (i.e 32bit cpu with 64bit DMA caps)
> * This mapping is kept for lifetime of page, until leaving pool.
> */
> - dma = dma_map_page_attrs(pool->p.dev, page, 0,
> - (PAGE_SIZE << pool->p.order),
> - pool->p.dma_dir, DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC |
> - DMA_ATTR_WEAK_ORDERING);
> + dma = dma_map_page_attrs(pool->p.dev, netmem_to_page(netmem), 0,
> + (PAGE_SIZE << pool->p.order), pool->p.dma_dir,
> + DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC |
> + DMA_ATTR_WEAK_ORDERING);
> if (dma_mapping_error(pool->p.dev, dma))
> return false;
>
> - if (page_pool_set_dma_addr(page, dma))
> + if (page_pool_set_dma_addr_netmem(netmem, dma))
> goto unmap_failed;
>
> if (pool->p.flags & PP_FLAG_DMA_SYNC_DEV)
> - page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(pool, page, pool->p.max_len);
> + page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(pool, netmem, pool->p.max_len);
>
> return true;
>
> @@ -445,9 +444,10 @@ static bool page_pool_dma_map(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
> return false;
> }
>
> -static void page_pool_set_pp_info(struct page_pool *pool,
> - struct page *page)
> +static void page_pool_set_pp_info(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem)
> {
> + struct page *page = netmem_to_page(netmem);
> +
> page->pp = pool;
> page->pp_magic |= PP_SIGNATURE;
>
> @@ -457,13 +457,15 @@ static void page_pool_set_pp_info(struct page_pool *pool,
> * is dirtying the same cache line as the page->pp_magic above, so
> * the overhead is negligible.
> */
> - page_pool_fragment_page(page, 1);
> + page_pool_fragment_netmem(netmem, 1);
> if (pool->has_init_callback)
> - pool->slow.init_callback(page, pool->slow.init_arg);
> + pool->slow.init_callback(netmem, pool->slow.init_arg);
> }
>
> -static void page_pool_clear_pp_info(struct page *page)
> +static void page_pool_clear_pp_info(netmem_ref netmem)
> {
> + struct page *page = netmem_to_page(netmem);
> +
> page->pp_magic = 0;
> page->pp = NULL;
> }
> @@ -479,34 +481,34 @@ static struct page *__page_pool_alloc_page_order(struct page_pool *pool,
> return NULL;
>
> if ((pool->p.flags & PP_FLAG_DMA_MAP) &&
> - unlikely(!page_pool_dma_map(pool, page))) {
> + unlikely(!page_pool_dma_map(pool, page_to_netmem(page)))) {
> put_page(page);
> return NULL;
> }
>
> alloc_stat_inc(pool, slow_high_order);
> - page_pool_set_pp_info(pool, page);
> + page_pool_set_pp_info(pool, page_to_netmem(page));
>
> /* Track how many pages are held 'in-flight' */
> pool->pages_state_hold_cnt++;
> - trace_page_pool_state_hold(pool, page, pool->pages_state_hold_cnt);
> + trace_page_pool_state_hold(pool, page_to_netmem(page),
> + pool->pages_state_hold_cnt);
> return page;
> }
>
> /* slow path */
> -noinline
> -static struct page *__page_pool_alloc_pages_slow(struct page_pool *pool,
> - gfp_t gfp)
> +static noinline netmem_ref __page_pool_alloc_pages_slow(struct page_pool *pool,
> + gfp_t gfp)
> {
> const int bulk = PP_ALLOC_CACHE_REFILL;
> unsigned int pp_flags = pool->p.flags;
> unsigned int pp_order = pool->p.order;
> - struct page *page;
> + netmem_ref netmem;
> int i, nr_pages;
>
> /* Don't support bulk alloc for high-order pages */
> if (unlikely(pp_order))
> - return __page_pool_alloc_page_order(pool, gfp);
> + return page_to_netmem(__page_pool_alloc_page_order(pool, gfp));
>
> /* Unnecessary as alloc cache is empty, but guarantees zero count */
> if (unlikely(pool->alloc.count > 0))
> @@ -515,60 +517,67 @@ static struct page *__page_pool_alloc_pages_slow(struct page_pool *pool,
> /* Mark empty alloc.cache slots "empty" for alloc_pages_bulk_array */
> memset(&pool->alloc.cache, 0, sizeof(void *) * bulk);
>
> - nr_pages = alloc_pages_bulk_array_node(gfp, pool->p.nid, bulk,
> - pool->alloc.cache);
> + nr_pages = alloc_pages_bulk_array_node(gfp,
> + pool->p.nid, bulk,
> + (struct page **)pool->alloc.cache);
> if (unlikely(!nr_pages))
> - return NULL;
> + return 0;
>
> /* Pages have been filled into alloc.cache array, but count is zero and
> * page element have not been (possibly) DMA mapped.
> */
> for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
> - page = pool->alloc.cache[i];
> + netmem = pool->alloc.cache[i];
> if ((pp_flags & PP_FLAG_DMA_MAP) &&
> - unlikely(!page_pool_dma_map(pool, page))) {
> - put_page(page);
> + unlikely(!page_pool_dma_map(pool, netmem))) {
> + put_page(netmem_to_page(netmem));
> continue;
> }
>
> - page_pool_set_pp_info(pool, page);
> - pool->alloc.cache[pool->alloc.count++] = page;
> + page_pool_set_pp_info(pool, netmem);
> + pool->alloc.cache[pool->alloc.count++] = netmem;
> /* Track how many pages are held 'in-flight' */
> pool->pages_state_hold_cnt++;
> - trace_page_pool_state_hold(pool, page,
> + trace_page_pool_state_hold(pool, netmem,
> pool->pages_state_hold_cnt);
> }
>
> /* Return last page */
> if (likely(pool->alloc.count > 0)) {
> - page = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
> + netmem = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
> alloc_stat_inc(pool, slow);
> } else {
> - page = NULL;
> + netmem = 0;
> }
>
> /* When page just alloc'ed is should/must have refcnt 1. */
> - return page;
> + return netmem;
> }
>
> /* For using page_pool replace: alloc_pages() API calls, but provide
> * synchronization guarantee for allocation side.
> */
> -struct page *page_pool_alloc_pages(struct page_pool *pool, gfp_t gfp)
> +netmem_ref page_pool_alloc_netmem(struct page_pool *pool, gfp_t gfp)
> {
> - struct page *page;
> + netmem_ref netmem;
>
> /* Fast-path: Get a page from cache */
> - page = __page_pool_get_cached(pool);
> - if (page)
> - return page;
> + netmem = __page_pool_get_cached(pool);
> + if (netmem)
> + return netmem;
>
> /* Slow-path: cache empty, do real allocation */
> if (static_branch_unlikely(&page_pool_mem_providers) && pool->mp_ops)
> - page = pool->mp_ops->alloc_pages(pool, gfp);
> + netmem = pool->mp_ops->alloc_pages(pool, gfp);
> else
> - page = __page_pool_alloc_pages_slow(pool, gfp);
> - return page;
> + netmem = __page_pool_alloc_pages_slow(pool, gfp);
> + return netmem;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_alloc_netmem);
> +
> +struct page *page_pool_alloc_pages(struct page_pool *pool, gfp_t gfp)
> +{
> + return netmem_to_page(page_pool_alloc_netmem(pool, gfp));
> }
> EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_alloc_pages);
>
> @@ -596,8 +605,8 @@ s32 page_pool_inflight(const struct page_pool *pool, bool strict)
> return inflight;
> }
>
> -static __always_inline
> -void __page_pool_release_page_dma(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
> +static __always_inline void __page_pool_release_page_dma(struct page_pool *pool,
> + netmem_ref netmem)
> {
> dma_addr_t dma;
>
> @@ -607,13 +616,13 @@ void __page_pool_release_page_dma(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
> */
> return;
>
> - dma = page_pool_get_dma_addr(page);
> + dma = page_pool_get_dma_addr_netmem(netmem);
>
> /* When page is unmapped, it cannot be returned to our pool */
> dma_unmap_page_attrs(pool->p.dev, dma,
> PAGE_SIZE << pool->p.order, pool->p.dma_dir,
> DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC | DMA_ATTR_WEAK_ORDERING);
> - page_pool_set_dma_addr(page, 0);
> + page_pool_set_dma_addr_netmem(netmem, 0);
> }
>
> /* Disconnects a page (from a page_pool). API users can have a need
> @@ -621,26 +630,26 @@ void __page_pool_release_page_dma(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
> * a regular page (that will eventually be returned to the normal
> * page-allocator via put_page).
> */
> -void page_pool_return_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
> +void page_pool_return_page(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem)
> {
> int count;
> bool put;
>
> put = true;
> if (static_branch_unlikely(&page_pool_mem_providers) && pool->mp_ops)
> - put = pool->mp_ops->release_page(pool, page);
> + put = pool->mp_ops->release_page(pool, netmem);
> else
> - __page_pool_release_page_dma(pool, page);
> + __page_pool_release_page_dma(pool, netmem);
>
> /* This may be the last page returned, releasing the pool, so
> * it is not safe to reference pool afterwards.
> */
> count = atomic_inc_return_relaxed(&pool->pages_state_release_cnt);
> - trace_page_pool_state_release(pool, page, count);
> + trace_page_pool_state_release(pool, netmem, count);
>
> if (put) {
> - page_pool_clear_pp_info(page);
> - put_page(page);
> + page_pool_clear_pp_info(netmem);
> + put_page(netmem_to_page(netmem));
> }
> /* An optimization would be to call __free_pages(page, pool->p.order)
> * knowing page is not part of page-cache (thus avoiding a
> @@ -648,14 +657,14 @@ void page_pool_return_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
> */
> }
>
> -static bool page_pool_recycle_in_ring(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
> +static bool page_pool_recycle_in_ring(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem)
> {
> int ret;
> /* BH protection not needed if current is softirq */
> if (in_softirq())
> - ret = ptr_ring_produce(&pool->ring, page);
> + ret = ptr_ring_produce(&pool->ring, (__force void *)netmem);
> else
> - ret = ptr_ring_produce_bh(&pool->ring, page);
> + ret = ptr_ring_produce_bh(&pool->ring, (__force void *)netmem);
>
> if (!ret) {
> recycle_stat_inc(pool, ring);
> @@ -670,7 +679,7 @@ static bool page_pool_recycle_in_ring(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
> *
> * Caller must provide appropriate safe context.
> */
> -static bool page_pool_recycle_in_cache(struct page *page,
> +static bool page_pool_recycle_in_cache(netmem_ref netmem,
> struct page_pool *pool)
> {
> if (unlikely(pool->alloc.count == PP_ALLOC_CACHE_SIZE)) {
> @@ -679,14 +688,15 @@ static bool page_pool_recycle_in_cache(struct page *page,
> }
>
> /* Caller MUST have verified/know (page_ref_count(page) == 1) */
> - pool->alloc.cache[pool->alloc.count++] = page;
> + pool->alloc.cache[pool->alloc.count++] = netmem;
> recycle_stat_inc(pool, cached);
> return true;
> }
>
> -static bool __page_pool_page_can_be_recycled(const struct page *page)
> +static bool __page_pool_page_can_be_recycled(netmem_ref netmem)
> {
> - return page_ref_count(page) == 1 && !page_is_pfmemalloc(page);
> + return page_ref_count(netmem_to_page(netmem)) == 1 &&
> + !page_is_pfmemalloc(netmem_to_page(netmem));
> }
>
> /* If the page refcnt == 1, this will try to recycle the page.
> @@ -695,8 +705,8 @@ static bool __page_pool_page_can_be_recycled(const struct page *page)
> * If the page refcnt != 1, then the page will be returned to memory
> * subsystem.
> */
> -static __always_inline struct page *
> -__page_pool_put_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page,
> +static __always_inline netmem_ref
> +__page_pool_put_page(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem,
> unsigned int dma_sync_size, bool allow_direct)
> {
> lockdep_assert_no_hardirq();
> @@ -710,19 +720,19 @@ __page_pool_put_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page,
> * page is NOT reusable when allocated when system is under
> * some pressure. (page_is_pfmemalloc)
> */
> - if (likely(__page_pool_page_can_be_recycled(page))) {
> + if (likely(__page_pool_page_can_be_recycled(netmem))) {
> /* Read barrier done in page_ref_count / READ_ONCE */
>
> if (pool->p.flags & PP_FLAG_DMA_SYNC_DEV)
> - page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(pool, page,
> + page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(pool, netmem,
> dma_sync_size);
>
> if (allow_direct && in_softirq() &&
> - page_pool_recycle_in_cache(page, pool))
> - return NULL;
> + page_pool_recycle_in_cache(netmem, pool))
> + return 0;
>
> /* Page found as candidate for recycling */
> - return page;
> + return netmem;
> }
> /* Fallback/non-XDP mode: API user have elevated refcnt.
> *
> @@ -738,21 +748,30 @@ __page_pool_put_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page,
> * will be invoking put_page.
> */
> recycle_stat_inc(pool, released_refcnt);
> - page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
> + page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
>
> - return NULL;
> + return 0;
> }
>
> -void page_pool_put_unrefed_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page,
> - unsigned int dma_sync_size, bool allow_direct)
> +void page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem,
> + unsigned int dma_sync_size, bool allow_direct)
> {
> - page = __page_pool_put_page(pool, page, dma_sync_size, allow_direct);
> - if (page && !page_pool_recycle_in_ring(pool, page)) {
> + netmem =
> + __page_pool_put_page(pool, netmem, dma_sync_size, allow_direct);
> + if (netmem && !page_pool_recycle_in_ring(pool, netmem)) {
> /* Cache full, fallback to free pages */
> recycle_stat_inc(pool, ring_full);
> - page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
> + page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
> }
> }
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem);
> +
> +void page_pool_put_unrefed_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page,
> + unsigned int dma_sync_size, bool allow_direct)
> +{
> + page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem(pool, page_to_netmem(page), dma_sync_size,
> + allow_direct);
> +}
> EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_put_unrefed_page);
>
> /**
> @@ -777,16 +796,16 @@ void page_pool_put_page_bulk(struct page_pool *pool, void **data,
> bool in_softirq;
>
> for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
> - struct page *page = virt_to_head_page(data[i]);
> + netmem_ref netmem = page_to_netmem(virt_to_head_page(data[i]));
>
> /* It is not the last user for the page frag case */
> - if (!page_pool_is_last_ref(page))
> + if (!page_pool_is_last_ref(netmem))
> continue;
>
> - page = __page_pool_put_page(pool, page, -1, false);
> + netmem = __page_pool_put_page(pool, netmem, -1, false);
> /* Approved for bulk recycling in ptr_ring cache */
> - if (page)
> - data[bulk_len++] = page;
> + if (netmem)
> + data[bulk_len++] = (__force void *)netmem;
> }
>
> if (unlikely(!bulk_len))
> @@ -812,100 +831,108 @@ void page_pool_put_page_bulk(struct page_pool *pool, void **data,
> * since put_page() with refcnt == 1 can be an expensive operation
> */
> for (; i < bulk_len; i++)
> - page_pool_return_page(pool, data[i]);
> + page_pool_return_page(pool, (__force netmem_ref)data[i]);
> }
> EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_put_page_bulk);
>
> -static struct page *page_pool_drain_frag(struct page_pool *pool,
> - struct page *page)
> +static netmem_ref page_pool_drain_frag(struct page_pool *pool,
> + netmem_ref netmem)
> {
> long drain_count = BIAS_MAX - pool->frag_users;
>
> /* Some user is still using the page frag */
> - if (likely(page_pool_unref_page(page, drain_count)))
> - return NULL;
> + if (likely(page_pool_unref_netmem(netmem, drain_count)))
> + return 0;
>
> - if (__page_pool_page_can_be_recycled(page)) {
> + if (__page_pool_page_can_be_recycled(netmem)) {
> if (pool->p.flags & PP_FLAG_DMA_SYNC_DEV)
> - page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(pool, page, -1);
> + page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(pool, netmem, -1);
>
> - return page;
> + return netmem;
> }
>
> - page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
> - return NULL;
> + page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
> + return 0;
> }
>
> static void page_pool_free_frag(struct page_pool *pool)
> {
> long drain_count = BIAS_MAX - pool->frag_users;
> - struct page *page = pool->frag_page;
> + netmem_ref netmem = pool->frag_page;
>
> - pool->frag_page = NULL;
> + pool->frag_page = 0;
>
> - if (!page || page_pool_unref_page(page, drain_count))
> + if (!netmem || page_pool_unref_netmem(netmem, drain_count))
> return;
>
> - page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
> + page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
> }
>
> -struct page *page_pool_alloc_frag(struct page_pool *pool,
> - unsigned int *offset,
> - unsigned int size, gfp_t gfp)
> +netmem_ref page_pool_alloc_frag_netmem(struct page_pool *pool,
> + unsigned int *offset, unsigned int size,
> + gfp_t gfp)
> {
> unsigned int max_size = PAGE_SIZE << pool->p.order;
> - struct page *page = pool->frag_page;
> + netmem_ref netmem = pool->frag_page;
>
> if (WARN_ON(size > max_size))
> - return NULL;
> + return 0;
>
> size = ALIGN(size, dma_get_cache_alignment());
> *offset = pool->frag_offset;
>
> - if (page && *offset + size > max_size) {
> - page = page_pool_drain_frag(pool, page);
> - if (page) {
> + if (netmem && *offset + size > max_size) {
> + netmem = page_pool_drain_frag(pool, netmem);
> + if (netmem) {
> alloc_stat_inc(pool, fast);
> goto frag_reset;
> }
> }
>
> - if (!page) {
> - page = page_pool_alloc_pages(pool, gfp);
> - if (unlikely(!page)) {
> - pool->frag_page = NULL;
> - return NULL;
> + if (!netmem) {
> + netmem = page_pool_alloc_netmem(pool, gfp);
> + if (unlikely(!netmem)) {
> + pool->frag_page = 0;
> + return 0;
> }
>
> - pool->frag_page = page;
> + pool->frag_page = netmem;
>
> frag_reset:
> pool->frag_users = 1;
> *offset = 0;
> pool->frag_offset = size;
> - page_pool_fragment_page(page, BIAS_MAX);
> - return page;
> + page_pool_fragment_netmem(netmem, BIAS_MAX);
> + return netmem;
> }
>
> pool->frag_users++;
> pool->frag_offset = *offset + size;
> alloc_stat_inc(pool, fast);
> - return page;
> + return netmem;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_alloc_frag_netmem);
> +
> +struct page *page_pool_alloc_frag(struct page_pool *pool, unsigned int *offset,
> + unsigned int size, gfp_t gfp)
> +{
> + return netmem_to_page(page_pool_alloc_frag_netmem(pool, offset, size,
> + gfp));
> }
> EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_alloc_frag);
>
> static void page_pool_empty_ring(struct page_pool *pool)
> {
> - struct page *page;
> + netmem_ref netmem;
>
> /* Empty recycle ring */
> - while ((page = ptr_ring_consume_bh(&pool->ring))) {
> + while ((netmem = (__force netmem_ref)ptr_ring_consume_bh(&pool->ring))) {
> /* Verify the refcnt invariant of cached pages */
> - if (!(page_ref_count(page) == 1))
> + if (!(page_ref_count(netmem_to_page(netmem)) == 1))
> pr_crit("%s() page_pool refcnt %d violation\n",
> - __func__, page_ref_count(page));
> + __func__, netmem_ref_count(netmem));
>
> - page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
> + page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
> }
> }
>
> @@ -927,7 +954,7 @@ static void __page_pool_destroy(struct page_pool *pool)
>
> static void page_pool_empty_alloc_cache_once(struct page_pool *pool)
> {
> - struct page *page;
> + netmem_ref netmem;
>
> if (pool->destroy_cnt)
> return;
> @@ -937,8 +964,8 @@ static void page_pool_empty_alloc_cache_once(struct page_pool *pool)
> * call concurrently.
> */
> while (pool->alloc.count) {
> - page = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
> - page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
> + netmem = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
> + page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
> }
> }
>
> @@ -1044,15 +1071,15 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_destroy);
> /* Caller must provide appropriate safe context, e.g. NAPI. */
> void page_pool_update_nid(struct page_pool *pool, int new_nid)
> {
> - struct page *page;
> + netmem_ref netmem;
>
> trace_page_pool_update_nid(pool, new_nid);
> pool->p.nid = new_nid;
>
> /* Flush pool alloc cache, as refill will check NUMA node */
> while (pool->alloc.count) {
> - page = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
> - page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
> + netmem = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
> + page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
> }
> }
> EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_update_nid);
> diff --git a/net/core/skbuff.c b/net/core/skbuff.c
> index 1f918e602bc4..e1118b637085 100644
> --- a/net/core/skbuff.c
> +++ b/net/core/skbuff.c
> @@ -1006,8 +1006,9 @@ int skb_cow_data_for_xdp(struct page_pool *pool, struct sk_buff **pskb,
> EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_cow_data_for_xdp);
>
> #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PAGE_POOL)
> -bool napi_pp_put_page(struct page *page, bool napi_safe)
> +bool napi_pp_put_page(netmem_ref netmem, bool napi_safe)
> {
> + struct page *page = netmem_to_page(netmem);
> bool allow_direct = false;
> struct page_pool *pp;
>
> @@ -1044,7 +1045,7 @@ bool napi_pp_put_page(struct page *page, bool napi_safe)
> * The page will be returned to the pool here regardless of the
> * 'flipped' fragment being in use or not.
> */
> - page_pool_put_full_page(pp, page, allow_direct);
> + page_pool_put_full_netmem(pp, page_to_netmem(page), allow_direct);
>
> return true;
> }
> @@ -1055,7 +1056,7 @@ static bool skb_pp_recycle(struct sk_buff *skb, void *data, bool napi_safe)
> {
> if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PAGE_POOL) || !skb->pp_recycle)
> return false;
> - return napi_pp_put_page(virt_to_page(data), napi_safe);
> + return napi_pp_put_page(page_to_netmem(virt_to_page(data)), napi_safe);
> }
>
> /**
> --
> 2.44.0.rc1.240.g4c46232300-goog
>
--
Thanks,
Mina