Re: [PATCH v1 1/8] kunit: Run tests when the kernel is fully setup

From: Mickaël Salaün
Date: Fri Mar 01 2024 - 14:05:31 EST

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On Fri, Mar 01, 2024 at 03:14:49PM +0800, David Gow wrote:
> On Fri, 1 Mar 2024 at 01:04, Mickaël Salaün <mic@xxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> >
> > Run all the KUnit tests just before the first userspace code is
> > launched. This makes it it possible to write new tests that check the
> > kernel in its final state i.e., with all async __init code called,
> > memory and RCU properly set up, and sysctl boot arguments evaluated.
>
> KUnit has explicit support for running tests which call __init code
> (or are themselves marked __init), so I'm not keen to move _all_ tests
> here.

Makes sense.

>
> That being said, I'm okay with running all of the other tests (ones
> not explicitly marked init) after __init.

I guess we should have to set of tests, the first one (marked with
__init) to run as it is now, and others set to run when the kernel is
fully setup. I guess we should be able to identify the init sections
for KUnit tests and rely on that to create the two sets. I'll work on
that in a separate patch series.

> >
> > The initial motivation is to run hardening tests (e.g. memory
> > protection, Heki's CR-pinning), which require such security protection
> > to be fully setup (e.g. memory marked as read-only).
> >
> > Because the suite set could refer to init data, initialize the suite set
> > with late_initcall(), before kunit_run_all_tests(), if KUnit is built-in
> > and enabled at boot time. To make it more consistent and easier to
> > manage, whatever filters are used or not, always copy test suite entries
> > and free them after all tests are run.
>
> The goal is to allow init data only for suites explicitly marked as
> such, so we should be able to split that along these lines.
>
> And yeah, the filter code is pretty convoluted when it comes to when
> they're allocated, and it does do things like check how the suite set
> was allocated. So we do need to make any changes carefully.
>
> As Kees suggested, I'd like to see any cleanup here as a separate patch.

Right, I'll send a v2 without this kernel init changes.

>
> >
> > Because of the prepare_namespace() call, we need to have a valid root
> > filesystem. To make it simple, let's use tmpfs with an empty root.
> > Teach kunit_kernel.py:LinuxSourceTreeOperations*() about the related
> > kernel boot argument, and add this filesystem to the kunit.py's kernel
> > build requirements.
>
> I think this is a big enough change we'll need to handle it very
> carefully: there are a few places where the fact that KUnit doesn't
> require a root filesystem is documented, and possibly some other
> (non-kunit.py) runners which rely on this.
>
> I don't think that's necessarily a blocker, but we'll definitely want
> to document it well, and make sure users are aware before this lands.

Indeed

>
> >
> > Remove __init and __refdata markers from iov_iter, bitfield, checksum,
> > and the example KUnit tests. Without this change, the kernel tries to
> > execute NX-protected pages (because the pages are deallocated).
>
> We still want to support these, but we should make sure the suites are
> declared with kunit_init_test_suite().

OK

>
> >
> > Tested with:
> > ./tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run --alltests
> > ./tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run --alltests --arch x86_64
>
> FYI: This breaks arm64:
> ./tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run --raw_output --arch arm64
> --cross_compile=aarch64-linux-gnu-
>
> Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffffffff02016f88
> ...
> Call trace:
> kfree+0x30/0x184
> kunit_run_all_tests+0x88/0x154
> kernel_init+0x6c/0x1e0
> ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
> Code: b25f7be1 aa0003f4 d34cfe73 8b131833 (f9400661)
> ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
> Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x0000000b

I guess it is realted to this patch, so I'll fix that with a future
series focus on these kernel init changes.

>
>
> >
> > Cc: Alan Maguire <alan.maguire@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > Cc: Brendan Higgins <brendanhiggins@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > Cc: David Gow <davidgow@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
> > Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > Cc: Marco Pagani <marpagan@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > Cc: Rae Moar <rmoar@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> > Cc: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@xxxxxxxxxxx>
> > ---
> > init/main.c | 4 +-
> > lib/bitfield_kunit.c | 8 +--
> > lib/checksum_kunit.c | 2 +-
> > lib/kunit/executor.c | 81 +++++++++++++++++++++--------
> > lib/kunit/kunit-example-test.c | 6 +--
> > lib/kunit_iov_iter.c | 52 +++++++++---------
> > tools/testing/kunit/kunit_kernel.py | 6 ++-
> > 7 files changed, 96 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/init/main.c b/init/main.c
> > index e24b0780fdff..b39d74727aad 100644
> > --- a/init/main.c
> > +++ b/init/main.c
> > @@ -1463,6 +1463,8 @@ static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused)
> >
> > do_sysctl_args();
> >
> > + kunit_run_all_tests();
> > +
> > if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
> > ret = run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
> > if (!ret)
> > @@ -1550,8 +1552,6 @@ static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void)
> >
> > do_basic_setup();
> >
> > - kunit_run_all_tests();
> > -
> > wait_for_initramfs();
> > console_on_rootfs();
> >
> > diff --git a/lib/bitfield_kunit.c b/lib/bitfield_kunit.c
> > index 1473d8b4bf0f..71e9f2e96496 100644
> > --- a/lib/bitfield_kunit.c
> > +++ b/lib/bitfield_kunit.c
> > @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
> > CHECK_ENC_GET_BE(tp, v, field, res); \
> > } while (0)
> >
> > -static void __init test_bitfields_constants(struct kunit *context)
> > +static void test_bitfields_constants(struct kunit *context)
> > {
> > /*
> > * NOTE
> > @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ static void __init test_bitfields_constants(struct kunit *context)
> > tp##_encode_bits(v, mask) != v << __ffs64(mask));\
> > } while (0)
> >
> > -static void __init test_bitfields_variables(struct kunit *context)
> > +static void test_bitfields_variables(struct kunit *context)
> > {
> > CHECK(u8, 0x0f);
> > CHECK(u8, 0xf0);
> > @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ static void __init test_bitfields_variables(struct kunit *context)
> > }
> >
> > #ifdef TEST_BITFIELD_COMPILE
> > -static void __init test_bitfields_compile(struct kunit *context)
> > +static void test_bitfields_compile(struct kunit *context)
> > {
> > /* these should fail compilation */
> > CHECK_ENC_GET(16, 16, 0x0f00, 0x1000);
> > @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ static void __init test_bitfields_compile(struct kunit *context)
> > }
> > #endif
> >
> > -static struct kunit_case __refdata bitfields_test_cases[] = {
> > +static struct kunit_case bitfields_test_cases[] = {
> > KUNIT_CASE(test_bitfields_constants),
> > KUNIT_CASE(test_bitfields_variables),
> > {}
> > diff --git a/lib/checksum_kunit.c b/lib/checksum_kunit.c
> > index 225bb7701460..41aaed3a4963 100644
> > --- a/lib/checksum_kunit.c
> > +++ b/lib/checksum_kunit.c
> > @@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ static void test_csum_ipv6_magic(struct kunit *test)
> > #endif /* !CONFIG_NET */
> > }
> >
> > -static struct kunit_case __refdata checksum_test_cases[] = {
> > +static struct kunit_case checksum_test_cases[] = {
> > KUNIT_CASE(test_csum_fixed_random_inputs),
> > KUNIT_CASE(test_csum_all_carry_inputs),
> > KUNIT_CASE(test_csum_no_carry_inputs),
> > diff --git a/lib/kunit/executor.c b/lib/kunit/executor.c
> > index 689fff2b2b10..ff3e66ffa739 100644
> > --- a/lib/kunit/executor.c
> > +++ b/lib/kunit/executor.c
> > @@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ extern struct kunit_suite * const __kunit_suites_end[];
> > extern struct kunit_suite * const __kunit_init_suites_start[];
> > extern struct kunit_suite * const __kunit_init_suites_end[];
> >
> > +static struct kunit_suite_set final_suite_set = {};
> > +
> > static char *action_param;
> >
> > module_param_named(action, action_param, charp, 0400);
> > @@ -233,6 +235,21 @@ kunit_filter_suites(const struct kunit_suite_set *suite_set,
> > if (!filtered_suite)
> > continue;
> >
> > + if (filtered_suite == suite_set->start[i]) {
> > + /*
> > + * To make memory allocation consistent whatever
> > + * filters are used or not, and to keep
> > + * kunit_free_suite_set() simple, always copy static
> > + * data.
> > + */
> > + filtered_suite = kmemdup(filtered_suite, sizeof(*filtered_suite),
> > + GFP_KERNEL);
> > + if (!filtered_suite) {
> > + *err = -ENOMEM;
> > + goto free_parsed_filters;
> > + }
> > + }
> > +
> > *copy++ = filtered_suite;
> > }
> > filtered.start = copy_start;
> > @@ -348,7 +365,7 @@ static void kunit_handle_shutdown(void)
> >
> > }
> >
> > -int kunit_run_all_tests(void)
> > +static int kunit_init_suites(void)
> > {
> > struct kunit_suite_set suite_set = {NULL, NULL};
> > struct kunit_suite_set filtered_suite_set = {NULL, NULL};
> > @@ -361,6 +378,9 @@ int kunit_run_all_tests(void)
> > size_t init_num_suites = init_suite_set.end - init_suite_set.start;
> > int err = 0;
> >
> > + if (!kunit_enabled())
> > + return 0;
> > +
> > if (init_num_suites > 0) {
> > suite_set = kunit_merge_suite_sets(init_suite_set, normal_suite_set);
> > if (!suite_set.start)
> > @@ -368,41 +388,56 @@ int kunit_run_all_tests(void)
> > } else
> > suite_set = normal_suite_set;
> >
> > - if (!kunit_enabled()) {
> > - pr_info("kunit: disabled\n");
> > + filtered_suite_set = kunit_filter_suites(&suite_set, filter_glob_param,
> > + filter_param, filter_action_param, &err);
> > +
> > + /* Free original suite set before using filtered suite set */
> > + if (init_num_suites > 0)
> > + kfree(suite_set.start);
> > + suite_set = filtered_suite_set;
> > +
> > + if (err) {
> > + pr_err("kunit executor: error filtering suites: %d\n", err);
> > goto free_out;
> > }
> >
> > - if (filter_glob_param || filter_param) {
> > - filtered_suite_set = kunit_filter_suites(&suite_set, filter_glob_param,
> > - filter_param, filter_action_param, &err);
> > + final_suite_set = suite_set;
> > + return 0;
> >
> > - /* Free original suite set before using filtered suite set */
> > - if (init_num_suites > 0)
> > - kfree(suite_set.start);
> > - suite_set = filtered_suite_set;
> > +free_out:
> > + kunit_free_suite_set(suite_set);
> >
> > - if (err) {
> > - pr_err("kunit executor: error filtering suites: %d\n", err);
> > - goto free_out;
> > - }
> > +out:
> > + kunit_handle_shutdown();
> > + return err;
> > +}
> > +
> > +late_initcall(kunit_init_suites);
> > +
> > +int kunit_run_all_tests(void)
> > +{
> > + int err = 0;
> > +
> > + if (!kunit_enabled()) {
> > + pr_info("kunit: disabled\n");
> > + goto out;
> > }
> >
> > + if (!final_suite_set.start)
> > + goto out;
> > +
> > if (!action_param)
> > - kunit_exec_run_tests(&suite_set, true);
> > + kunit_exec_run_tests(&final_suite_set, true);
> > else if (strcmp(action_param, "list") == 0)
> > - kunit_exec_list_tests(&suite_set, false);
> > + kunit_exec_list_tests(&final_suite_set, false);
> > else if (strcmp(action_param, "list_attr") == 0)
> > - kunit_exec_list_tests(&suite_set, true);
> > + kunit_exec_list_tests(&final_suite_set, true);
> > else
> > pr_err("kunit executor: unknown action '%s'\n", action_param);
> >
> > -free_out:
> > - if (filter_glob_param || filter_param)
> > - kunit_free_suite_set(suite_set);
> > - else if (init_num_suites > 0)
> > - /* Don't use kunit_free_suite_set because suites aren't individually allocated */
> > - kfree(suite_set.start);
> > + kunit_free_suite_set(final_suite_set);
> > + final_suite_set.start = NULL;
> > + final_suite_set.end = NULL;
> >
> > out:
> > kunit_handle_shutdown();
> > diff --git a/lib/kunit/kunit-example-test.c b/lib/kunit/kunit-example-test.c
> > index 798924f7cc86..248949eb3b16 100644
> > --- a/lib/kunit/kunit-example-test.c
> > +++ b/lib/kunit/kunit-example-test.c
> > @@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ static struct kunit_suite example_test_suite = {
> > */
> > kunit_test_suites(&example_test_suite);
> >
> > -static int __init init_add(int x, int y)
> > +static int init_add(int x, int y)
>
> The whole point of this function (and the example_init_test) is that
> they're marked __init, as proof we can test code which is in the init
> section.
>
> So, either we leave this alone, or we remove it entirely. There's no
> point just removing __init.

Right

>
> > {
> > return (x + y);
> > }
> > @@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ static int __init init_add(int x, int y)
> > /*
> > * This test should always pass. Can be used to test init suites.
> > */
> > -static void __init example_init_test(struct kunit *test)
> > +static void example_init_test(struct kunit *test)
>
> As above.
>
> > {
> > KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, init_add(1, 1), 2);
> > }
> > @@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ static void __init example_init_test(struct kunit *test)
> > * The kunit_case struct cannot be marked as __initdata as this will be
> > * used in debugfs to retrieve results after test has run
> > */
> > -static struct kunit_case __refdata example_init_test_cases[] = {
> > +static struct kunit_case example_init_test_cases[] = {
> > KUNIT_CASE(example_init_test),
> > {}
> > };
>
> As above.
>
> > diff --git a/lib/kunit_iov_iter.c b/lib/kunit_iov_iter.c
> > index 859b67c4d697..a77991a9bffb 100644
> > --- a/lib/kunit_iov_iter.c
> > +++ b/lib/kunit_iov_iter.c
> > @@ -44,9 +44,8 @@ static void iov_kunit_unmap(void *data)
> > vunmap(data);
> > }
> >
> > -static void *__init iov_kunit_create_buffer(struct kunit *test,
> > - struct page ***ppages,
> > - size_t npages)
> > +static void *iov_kunit_create_buffer(struct kunit *test, struct page ***ppages,
> > + size_t npages)
> > {
> > struct page **pages;
> > unsigned long got;
> > @@ -69,11 +68,10 @@ static void *__init iov_kunit_create_buffer(struct kunit *test,
> > return buffer;
> > }
> >
> > -static void __init iov_kunit_load_kvec(struct kunit *test,
> > - struct iov_iter *iter, int dir,
> > - struct kvec *kvec, unsigned int kvmax,
> > - void *buffer, size_t bufsize,
> > - const struct kvec_test_range *pr)
> > +static void iov_kunit_load_kvec(struct kunit *test, struct iov_iter *iter,
> > + int dir, struct kvec *kvec, unsigned int kvmax,
> > + void *buffer, size_t bufsize,
> > + const struct kvec_test_range *pr)
> > {
> > size_t size = 0;
> > int i;
> > @@ -95,7 +93,7 @@ static void __init iov_kunit_load_kvec(struct kunit *test,
> > /*
> > * Test copying to a ITER_KVEC-type iterator.
> > */
> > -static void __init iov_kunit_copy_to_kvec(struct kunit *test)
> > +static void iov_kunit_copy_to_kvec(struct kunit *test)
> > {
> > const struct kvec_test_range *pr;
> > struct iov_iter iter;
> > @@ -145,7 +143,7 @@ static void __init iov_kunit_copy_to_kvec(struct kunit *test)
> > /*
> > * Test copying from a ITER_KVEC-type iterator.
> > */
> > -static void __init iov_kunit_copy_from_kvec(struct kunit *test)
> > +static void iov_kunit_copy_from_kvec(struct kunit *test)
> > {
> > const struct kvec_test_range *pr;
> > struct iov_iter iter;
> > @@ -213,12 +211,11 @@ static const struct bvec_test_range bvec_test_ranges[] = {
> > { -1, -1, -1 }
> > };
> >
> > -static void __init iov_kunit_load_bvec(struct kunit *test,
> > - struct iov_iter *iter, int dir,
> > - struct bio_vec *bvec, unsigned int bvmax,
> > - struct page **pages, size_t npages,
> > - size_t bufsize,
> > - const struct bvec_test_range *pr)
> > +static void iov_kunit_load_bvec(struct kunit *test, struct iov_iter *iter,
> > + int dir, struct bio_vec *bvec,
> > + unsigned int bvmax, struct page **pages,
> > + size_t npages, size_t bufsize,
> > + const struct bvec_test_range *pr)
> > {
> > struct page *can_merge = NULL, *page;
> > size_t size = 0;
> > @@ -254,7 +251,7 @@ static void __init iov_kunit_load_bvec(struct kunit *test,
> > /*
> > * Test copying to a ITER_BVEC-type iterator.
> > */
> > -static void __init iov_kunit_copy_to_bvec(struct kunit *test)
> > +static void iov_kunit_copy_to_bvec(struct kunit *test)
> > {
> > const struct bvec_test_range *pr;
> > struct iov_iter iter;
> > @@ -308,7 +305,7 @@ static void __init iov_kunit_copy_to_bvec(struct kunit *test)
> > /*
> > * Test copying from a ITER_BVEC-type iterator.
> > */
> > -static void __init iov_kunit_copy_from_bvec(struct kunit *test)
> > +static void iov_kunit_copy_from_bvec(struct kunit *test)
> > {
> > const struct bvec_test_range *pr;
> > struct iov_iter iter;
> > @@ -370,10 +367,9 @@ static void iov_kunit_destroy_xarray(void *data)
> > kfree(xarray);
> > }
> >
> > -static void __init iov_kunit_load_xarray(struct kunit *test,
> > - struct iov_iter *iter, int dir,
> > - struct xarray *xarray,
> > - struct page **pages, size_t npages)
> > +static void iov_kunit_load_xarray(struct kunit *test, struct iov_iter *iter,
> > + int dir, struct xarray *xarray,
> > + struct page **pages, size_t npages)
> > {
> > size_t size = 0;
> > int i;
> > @@ -401,7 +397,7 @@ static struct xarray *iov_kunit_create_xarray(struct kunit *test)
> > /*
> > * Test copying to a ITER_XARRAY-type iterator.
> > */
> > -static void __init iov_kunit_copy_to_xarray(struct kunit *test)
> > +static void iov_kunit_copy_to_xarray(struct kunit *test)
> > {
> > const struct kvec_test_range *pr;
> > struct iov_iter iter;
> > @@ -459,7 +455,7 @@ static void __init iov_kunit_copy_to_xarray(struct kunit *test)
> > /*
> > * Test copying from a ITER_XARRAY-type iterator.
> > */
> > -static void __init iov_kunit_copy_from_xarray(struct kunit *test)
> > +static void iov_kunit_copy_from_xarray(struct kunit *test)
> > {
> > const struct kvec_test_range *pr;
> > struct iov_iter iter;
> > @@ -522,7 +518,7 @@ static void __init iov_kunit_copy_from_xarray(struct kunit *test)
> > /*
> > * Test the extraction of ITER_KVEC-type iterators.
> > */
> > -static void __init iov_kunit_extract_pages_kvec(struct kunit *test)
> > +static void iov_kunit_extract_pages_kvec(struct kunit *test)
> > {
> > const struct kvec_test_range *pr;
> > struct iov_iter iter;
> > @@ -602,7 +598,7 @@ static void __init iov_kunit_extract_pages_kvec(struct kunit *test)
> > /*
> > * Test the extraction of ITER_BVEC-type iterators.
> > */
> > -static void __init iov_kunit_extract_pages_bvec(struct kunit *test)
> > +static void iov_kunit_extract_pages_bvec(struct kunit *test)
> > {
> > const struct bvec_test_range *pr;
> > struct iov_iter iter;
> > @@ -680,7 +676,7 @@ static void __init iov_kunit_extract_pages_bvec(struct kunit *test)
> > /*
> > * Test the extraction of ITER_XARRAY-type iterators.
> > */
> > -static void __init iov_kunit_extract_pages_xarray(struct kunit *test)
> > +static void iov_kunit_extract_pages_xarray(struct kunit *test)
> > {
> > const struct kvec_test_range *pr;
> > struct iov_iter iter;
> > @@ -756,7 +752,7 @@ static void __init iov_kunit_extract_pages_xarray(struct kunit *test)
> > KUNIT_SUCCEED();
> > }
> >
> > -static struct kunit_case __refdata iov_kunit_cases[] = {
> > +static struct kunit_case iov_kunit_cases[] = {
> > KUNIT_CASE(iov_kunit_copy_to_kvec),
> > KUNIT_CASE(iov_kunit_copy_from_kvec),
> > KUNIT_CASE(iov_kunit_copy_to_bvec),
> > diff --git a/tools/testing/kunit/kunit_kernel.py b/tools/testing/kunit/kunit_kernel.py
> > index 0b6488efed47..e1980ea58118 100644
> > --- a/tools/testing/kunit/kunit_kernel.py
> > +++ b/tools/testing/kunit/kunit_kernel.py
> > @@ -104,12 +104,13 @@ class LinuxSourceTreeOperationsQemu(LinuxSourceTreeOperations):
> > self._kconfig = qemu_arch_params.kconfig
> > self._qemu_arch = qemu_arch_params.qemu_arch
> > self._kernel_path = qemu_arch_params.kernel_path
> > - self._kernel_command_line = qemu_arch_params.kernel_command_line + ' kunit_shutdown=reboot'
> > + self._kernel_command_line = qemu_arch_params.kernel_command_line + ' kunit_shutdown=reboot rootfstype=tmpfs'
> > self._extra_qemu_params = qemu_arch_params.extra_qemu_params
> > self._serial = qemu_arch_params.serial
> >
> > def make_arch_config(self, base_kunitconfig: kunit_config.Kconfig) -> kunit_config.Kconfig:
> > kconfig = kunit_config.parse_from_string(self._kconfig)
> > + kconfig.add_entry('TMPFS', 'y')
>
> Can we add these to config files rather than add them here?

I initially tried that but this makes this change more complex because
of the way UML and non-UML+arch configs are managed.

>
>
> > kconfig.merge_in_entries(base_kunitconfig)
> > return kconfig
> >
> > @@ -139,13 +140,14 @@ class LinuxSourceTreeOperationsUml(LinuxSourceTreeOperations):
> >
> > def make_arch_config(self, base_kunitconfig: kunit_config.Kconfig) -> kunit_config.Kconfig:
> > kconfig = kunit_config.parse_file(UML_KCONFIG_PATH)
> > + kconfig.add_entry('TMPFS', 'y')
> > kconfig.merge_in_entries(base_kunitconfig)
> > return kconfig
> >
> > def start(self, params: List[str], build_dir: str) -> subprocess.Popen:
> > """Runs the Linux UML binary. Must be named 'linux'."""
> > linux_bin = os.path.join(build_dir, 'linux')
> > - params.extend(['mem=1G', 'console=tty', 'kunit_shutdown=halt'])
> > + params.extend(['mem=1G', 'console=tty', 'kunit_shutdown=halt', 'rootfstype=tmpfs'])
> > return subprocess.Popen([linux_bin] + params,
> > stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
> > stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
> > --
> > 2.44.0
> >

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