[RESEND PATCH v7 04/10] mm: thp: Support allocation of anonymous small-sized THP

[Ryan Roberts]

Introduce the logic to allow THP to be configured (through the new sysfs
interface we just added) to allocate large folios to back anonymous
memory, which are smaller than PMD-size. We call this new THP type
"small-sized THP".

These small-sized THPs continue to be PTE-mapped, but in many cases can
still provide similar benefits to traditional PMD-sized THP: Page faults
are significantly reduced (by a factor of e.g. 4, 8, 16, etc. depending
on the configured order), but latency spikes are much less prominent
because the size of each page isn't as huge as the PMD-sized variant and
there is less memory to clear in each page fault. The number of per-page
operations (e.g. ref counting, rmap management, lru list management) are
also significantly reduced since those ops now become per-folio.

Some architectures also employ TLB compression mechanisms to squeeze
more entries in when a set of PTEs are virtually and physically
contiguous and approporiately aligned. In this case, TLB misses will
occur less often.

The new behaviour is disabled by default, but can be enabled at runtime
by writing to /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hugepage-XXkb/enabled
(see documentation in previous commit). The long term aim is to change
the default to include suitable lower orders, but there are some risks
around internal fragmentation that need to be better understood first.

Signed-off-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@xxxxxxx>
---
 include/linux/huge_mm.h |   6 ++-
 mm/memory.c             | 106 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/huge_mm.h b/include/linux/huge_mm.h
index 7d6f7d96b039..edc302351971 100644
--- a/include/linux/huge_mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/huge_mm.h
@@ -68,9 +68,11 @@ extern struct kobj_attribute shmem_enabled_attr;
 #define HPAGE_PMD_NR (1<<HPAGE_PMD_ORDER)

 /*
- * Mask of all large folio orders supported for anonymous THP.
+ * Mask of all large folio orders supported for anonymous THP; all orders up to
+ * and including PMD_ORDER, except order-0 (which is not "huge") and order-1
+ * (which is a limitation of the THP implementation).
  */
-#define THP_ORDERS_ALL_ANON	BIT(PMD_ORDER)
+#define THP_ORDERS_ALL_ANON	((BIT(PMD_ORDER + 1) - 1) & ~(BIT(0) | BIT(1)))

 /*
  * Mask of all large folio orders supported for file THP.
diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
index 9d5e61d6d859..8fbe302aac3f 100644
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -4122,6 +4122,84 @@ vm_fault_t do_swap_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 	return ret;
 }

+static bool pte_range_none(pte_t *pte, int nr_pages)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
+		if (!pte_none(ptep_get_lockless(pte + i)))
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
+static struct folio *alloc_anon_folio(struct vm_fault *vmf)
+{
+	gfp_t gfp;
+	pte_t *pte;
+	unsigned long addr;
+	struct folio *folio;
+	struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
+	unsigned long orders;
+	int order;
+
+	/*
+	 * If uffd is active for the vma we need per-page fault fidelity to
+	 * maintain the uffd semantics.
+	 */
+	if (userfaultfd_armed(vma))
+		goto fallback;
+
+	/*
+	 * Get a list of all the (large) orders below PMD_ORDER that are enabled
+	 * for this vma. Then filter out the orders that can't be allocated over
+	 * the faulting address and still be fully contained in the vma.
+	 */
+	orders = hugepage_vma_check(vma, vma->vm_flags, false, true, true,
+				    BIT(PMD_ORDER) - 1);
+	orders = transhuge_vma_suitable(vma, vmf->address, orders);
+
+	if (!orders)
+		goto fallback;
+
+	pte = pte_offset_map(vmf->pmd, vmf->address & PMD_MASK);
+	if (!pte)
+		return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN);
+
+	order = first_order(orders);
+	while (orders) {
+		addr = ALIGN_DOWN(vmf->address, PAGE_SIZE << order);
+		vmf->pte = pte + pte_index(addr);
+		if (pte_range_none(vmf->pte, 1 << order))
+			break;
+		order = next_order(&orders, order);
+	}
+
+	vmf->pte = NULL;
+	pte_unmap(pte);
+
+	gfp = vma_thp_gfp_mask(vma);
+
+	while (orders) {
+		addr = ALIGN_DOWN(vmf->address, PAGE_SIZE << order);
+		folio = vma_alloc_folio(gfp, order, vma, addr, true);
+		if (folio) {
+			clear_huge_page(&folio->page, addr, 1 << order);
+			return folio;
+		}
+		order = next_order(&orders, order);
+	}
+
+fallback:
+	return vma_alloc_zeroed_movable_folio(vma, vmf->address);
+}
+#else
+#define alloc_anon_folio(vmf) \
+		vma_alloc_zeroed_movable_folio((vmf)->vma, (vmf)->address)
+#endif
+
 /*
  * We enter with non-exclusive mmap_lock (to exclude vma changes,
  * but allow concurrent faults), and pte mapped but not yet locked.
@@ -4129,6 +4207,9 @@ vm_fault_t do_swap_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
  */
 static vm_fault_t do_anonymous_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 {
+	int i;
+	int nr_pages = 1;
+	unsigned long addr = vmf->address;
 	bool uffd_wp = vmf_orig_pte_uffd_wp(vmf);
 	struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
 	struct folio *folio;
@@ -4173,10 +4254,15 @@ static vm_fault_t do_anonymous_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 	/* Allocate our own private page. */
 	if (unlikely(anon_vma_prepare(vma)))
 		goto oom;
-	folio = vma_alloc_zeroed_movable_folio(vma, vmf->address);
+	folio = alloc_anon_folio(vmf);
+	if (IS_ERR(folio))
+		return 0;
 	if (!folio)
 		goto oom;

+	nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
+	addr = ALIGN_DOWN(vmf->address, nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE);
+
 	if (mem_cgroup_charge(folio, vma->vm_mm, GFP_KERNEL))
 		goto oom_free_page;
 	folio_throttle_swaprate(folio, GFP_KERNEL);
@@ -4193,12 +4279,13 @@ static vm_fault_t do_anonymous_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 	if (vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)
 		entry = pte_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(entry), vma);

-	vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd, vmf->address,
-			&vmf->ptl);
+	vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd, addr, &vmf->ptl);
 	if (!vmf->pte)
 		goto release;
-	if (vmf_pte_changed(vmf)) {
-		update_mmu_tlb(vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte);
+	if ((nr_pages == 1 && vmf_pte_changed(vmf)) ||
+	    (nr_pages  > 1 && !pte_range_none(vmf->pte, nr_pages))) {
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++)
+			update_mmu_tlb(vma, addr + PAGE_SIZE * i, vmf->pte + i);
 		goto release;
 	}

@@ -4213,16 +4300,17 @@ static vm_fault_t do_anonymous_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 		return handle_userfault(vmf, VM_UFFD_MISSING);
 	}

-	inc_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_ANONPAGES);
-	folio_add_new_anon_rmap(folio, vma, vmf->address);
+	folio_ref_add(folio, nr_pages - 1);
+	add_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_ANONPAGES, nr_pages);
+	folio_add_new_anon_rmap(folio, vma, addr);
 	folio_add_lru_vma(folio, vma);
 setpte:
 	if (uffd_wp)
 		entry = pte_mkuffd_wp(entry);
-	set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, vmf->address, vmf->pte, entry);
+	set_ptes(vma->vm_mm, addr, vmf->pte, entry, nr_pages);

 	/* No need to invalidate - it was non-present before */
-	update_mmu_cache_range(vmf, vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte, 1);
+	update_mmu_cache_range(vmf, vma, addr, vmf->pte, nr_pages);
 unlock:
 	if (vmf->pte)
 		pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
--
2.25.1