Re: kernel/fork.c:1647:9: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces)

From: Vlastimil Babka
Date: Wed Nov 01 2023 - 06:51:08 EST



On 10/31/23 16:09, kernel test robot wrote:
> tree: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git master
> head: 5a6a09e97199d6600d31383055f9d43fbbcbe86f
> commit: e240e53ae0abb0896e0f399bdfef41c69cec3123 mm, slub: add CONFIG_SLUB_TINY

Hello,

I don't see how that commit could possibly cause the memcpy warning().
Something wrong with the evaluation?

Vlastimil

> date: 11 months ago
> config: x86_64-randconfig-a013-20230614 (https://download.01.org/0day-ci/archive/20231031/202310312340.LW2o2xTj-lkp@xxxxxxxxx/config)
> compiler: gcc-12 (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0
> reproduce (this is a W=1 build): (https://download.01.org/0day-ci/archive/20231031/202310312340.LW2o2xTj-lkp@xxxxxxxxx/reproduce)
>
> If you fix the issue in a separate patch/commit (i.e. not just a new version of
> the same patch/commit), kindly add following tags
> | Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@xxxxxxxxx>
> | Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202310312340.LW2o2xTj-lkp@xxxxxxxxx/
>
> sparse warnings: (new ones prefixed by >>)
> kernel/fork.c:1096:19: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in assignment (different address spaces) @@ expected struct task_struct [noderef] __rcu *owner @@ got struct task_struct *p @@
> kernel/fork.c:1096:19: sparse: expected struct task_struct [noderef] __rcu *owner
> kernel/fork.c:1096:19: sparse: got struct task_struct *p
> kernel/fork.c:1310:24: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in initializer (different address spaces) @@ expected struct file [noderef] __rcu *__ret @@ got struct file *new_exe_file @@
> kernel/fork.c:1310:24: sparse: expected struct file [noderef] __rcu *__ret
> kernel/fork.c:1310:24: sparse: got struct file *new_exe_file
> kernel/fork.c:1310:22: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in assignment (different address spaces) @@ expected struct file *[assigned] old_exe_file @@ got struct file [noderef] __rcu *[assigned] __ret @@
> kernel/fork.c:1310:22: sparse: expected struct file *[assigned] old_exe_file
> kernel/fork.c:1310:22: sparse: got struct file [noderef] __rcu *[assigned] __ret
> kernel/fork.c:1637:38: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected struct refcount_struct [usertype] *r @@ got struct refcount_struct [noderef] __rcu * @@
> kernel/fork.c:1637:38: sparse: expected struct refcount_struct [usertype] *r
> kernel/fork.c:1637:38: sparse: got struct refcount_struct [noderef] __rcu *
> kernel/fork.c:1646:31: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock @@ got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu * @@
> kernel/fork.c:1646:31: sparse: expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock
> kernel/fork.c:1646:31: sparse: got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu *
>>> kernel/fork.c:1647:9: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got struct k_sigaction [noderef] __rcu * @@
> kernel/fork.c:1647:9: sparse: expected void const *
> kernel/fork.c:1647:9: sparse: got struct k_sigaction [noderef] __rcu *
>>> kernel/fork.c:1647:9: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got struct k_sigaction [noderef] __rcu * @@
> kernel/fork.c:1647:9: sparse: expected void const *
> kernel/fork.c:1647:9: sparse: got struct k_sigaction [noderef] __rcu *
> kernel/fork.c:1647:9: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 2 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got struct k_sigaction [noderef] __rcu * @@
> kernel/fork.c:1647:9: sparse: expected void const *
> kernel/fork.c:1647:9: sparse: got struct k_sigaction [noderef] __rcu *
> kernel/fork.c:1648:33: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock @@ got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu * @@
> kernel/fork.c:1648:33: sparse: expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock
> kernel/fork.c:1648:33: sparse: got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu *
> kernel/fork.c:2074:31: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock @@ got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu * @@
> kernel/fork.c:2074:31: sparse: expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock
> kernel/fork.c:2074:31: sparse: got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu *
> kernel/fork.c:2078:33: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock @@ got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu * @@
> kernel/fork.c:2078:33: sparse: expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock
> kernel/fork.c:2078:33: sparse: got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu *
> kernel/fork.c:2398:32: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in assignment (different address spaces) @@ expected struct task_struct [noderef] __rcu *real_parent @@ got struct task_struct * @@
> kernel/fork.c:2398:32: sparse: expected struct task_struct [noderef] __rcu *real_parent
> kernel/fork.c:2398:32: sparse: got struct task_struct *
> kernel/fork.c:2407:27: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock @@ got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu * @@
> kernel/fork.c:2407:27: sparse: expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock
> kernel/fork.c:2407:27: sparse: got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu *
> kernel/fork.c:2454:54: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 2 (different address spaces) @@ expected struct list_head *head @@ got struct list_head [noderef] __rcu * @@
> kernel/fork.c:2454:54: sparse: expected struct list_head *head
> kernel/fork.c:2454:54: sparse: got struct list_head [noderef] __rcu *
> kernel/fork.c:2476:29: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock @@ got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu * @@
> kernel/fork.c:2476:29: sparse: expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock
> kernel/fork.c:2476:29: sparse: got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu *
> kernel/fork.c:2497:29: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock @@ got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu * @@
> kernel/fork.c:2497:29: sparse: expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock
> kernel/fork.c:2497:29: sparse: got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu *
> kernel/fork.c:2524:28: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected struct sighand_struct *sighand @@ got struct sighand_struct [noderef] __rcu *sighand @@
> kernel/fork.c:2524:28: sparse: expected struct sighand_struct *sighand
> kernel/fork.c:2524:28: sparse: got struct sighand_struct [noderef] __rcu *sighand
> kernel/fork.c:2553:31: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock @@ got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu * @@
> kernel/fork.c:2553:31: sparse: expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock
> kernel/fork.c:2553:31: sparse: got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu *
> kernel/fork.c:2555:33: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock @@ got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu * @@
> kernel/fork.c:2555:33: sparse: expected struct spinlock [usertype] *lock
> kernel/fork.c:2555:33: sparse: got struct spinlock [noderef] __rcu *
> kernel/fork.c:2998:24: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in assignment (different address spaces) @@ expected struct task_struct *[assigned] parent @@ got struct task_struct [noderef] __rcu *real_parent @@
> kernel/fork.c:2998:24: sparse: expected struct task_struct *[assigned] parent
> kernel/fork.c:2998:24: sparse: got struct task_struct [noderef] __rcu *real_parent
> kernel/fork.c:3079:43: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected struct refcount_struct const [usertype] *r @@ got struct refcount_struct [noderef] __rcu * @@
> kernel/fork.c:3079:43: sparse: expected struct refcount_struct const [usertype] *r
> kernel/fork.c:3079:43: sparse: got struct refcount_struct [noderef] __rcu *
> kernel/fork.c:1742:9: sparse: sparse: dereference of noderef expression
> kernel/fork.c:2119:22: sparse: sparse: dereference of noderef expression
> kernel/fork.c: note: in included file (through include/uapi/asm-generic/bpf_perf_event.h, arch/x86/include/generated/uapi/asm/bpf_perf_event.h, ...):
> include/linux/ptrace.h:210:45: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 2 (different address spaces) @@ expected struct task_struct *new_parent @@ got struct task_struct [noderef] __rcu *parent @@
> include/linux/ptrace.h:210:45: sparse: expected struct task_struct *new_parent
> include/linux/ptrace.h:210:45: sparse: got struct task_struct [noderef] __rcu *parent
> include/linux/ptrace.h:210:62: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 3 (different address spaces) @@ expected struct cred const *ptracer_cred @@ got struct cred const [noderef] __rcu *ptracer_cred @@
> include/linux/ptrace.h:210:62: sparse: expected struct cred const *ptracer_cred
> include/linux/ptrace.h:210:62: sparse: got struct cred const [noderef] __rcu *ptracer_cred
> kernel/fork.c:2452:59: sparse: sparse: dereference of noderef expression
> kernel/fork.c:2453:59: sparse: sparse: dereference of noderef expression
> kernel/fork.c:1088:23: sparse: sparse: incompatible types in comparison expression (different address spaces):
> kernel/fork.c:1088:23: sparse: struct task_struct [noderef] __rcu *
> kernel/fork.c:1088:23: sparse: struct task_struct *
> --
>>> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: expected void const *
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest
>>> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] src @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: expected void const *
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] src
>>> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: expected void const *
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest
>>> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] src @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: expected void const *
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] src
>>> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: expected void const *
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest
>>> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void * @@ got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: expected void *
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 2 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] src @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: expected void const *
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:496:25: sparse: got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] src
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: expected void const *
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] src @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: expected void const *
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] src
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: expected void const *
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] src @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: expected void const *
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] src
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: expected void const *
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void * @@ got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: expected void *
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] dest
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 2 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] src @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: expected void const *
> drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c:507:25: sparse: got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *[assigned] src
> --
>>> drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1853:17: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got char [noderef] __iomem *screen_base @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1853:17: sparse: expected void const *
> drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1853:17: sparse: got char [noderef] __iomem *screen_base
>>> drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1853:17: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got char [noderef] __iomem *screen_base @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1853:17: sparse: expected void const *
> drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1853:17: sparse: got char [noderef] __iomem *screen_base
>>> drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1853:17: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const * @@ got char [noderef] __iomem *screen_base @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1853:17: sparse: expected void const *
> drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1853:17: sparse: got char [noderef] __iomem *screen_base
>>> drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1853:17: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void * @@ got char [noderef] __iomem *screen_base @@
> drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1853:17: sparse: expected void *
> drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1853:17: sparse: got char [noderef] __iomem *screen_base
> --
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:294:25: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void volatile [noderef] __iomem *addr @@ got struct opregion_header *header @@
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:294:25: sparse: expected void volatile [noderef] __iomem *addr
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:294:25: sparse: got struct opregion_header *header
>>> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:324:20: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const *const p @@ got void [noderef] __iomem *[assigned] base @@
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:324:20: sparse: expected void const *const p
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:324:20: sparse: got void [noderef] __iomem *[assigned] base
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:330:26: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in assignment (different address spaces) @@ expected struct opregion_header *header @@ got void [noderef] __iomem *[assigned] base @@
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:330:26: sparse: expected struct opregion_header *header
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:330:26: sparse: got void [noderef] __iomem *[assigned] base
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:331:23: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in assignment (different address spaces) @@ expected void *vbt @@ got void [noderef] __iomem * @@
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:331:23: sparse: expected void *vbt
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:331:23: sparse: got void [noderef] __iomem *
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:338:32: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in assignment (different address spaces) @@ expected struct opregion_acpi *acpi @@ got void [noderef] __iomem * @@
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:338:32: sparse: expected struct opregion_acpi *acpi
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:338:32: sparse: got void [noderef] __iomem *
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:343:32: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in assignment (different address spaces) @@ expected struct opregion_asle *asle @@ got void [noderef] __iomem * @@
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:343:32: sparse: expected struct opregion_asle *asle
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/opregion.c:343:32: sparse: got void [noderef] __iomem *
> --
>>> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/intel_bios.c:548:42: sparse: sparse: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) @@ expected void const *const p @@ got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem * @@
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/intel_bios.c:548:42: sparse: expected void const *const p
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/intel_bios.c:548:42: sparse: got unsigned char [noderef] [usertype] __iomem *
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/intel_bios.c:549:40: sparse: sparse: cast removes address space '__iomem' of expression
> drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/intel_bios.c:559:24: sparse: sparse: cast removes address space '__iomem' of expression
>
> vim +1647 kernel/fork.c
>
> a016f3389c0660 JANAK DESAI 2006-02-07 1631
> a39bc51691a0c8 Alexey Dobriyan 2007-10-18 1632 static int copy_sighand(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
> ^1da177e4c3f41 Linus Torvalds 2005-04-16 1633 {
> ^1da177e4c3f41 Linus Torvalds 2005-04-16 1634 struct sighand_struct *sig;
> ^1da177e4c3f41 Linus Torvalds 2005-04-16 1635
> 60348802e9cb13 Zhaolei 2009-01-06 1636 if (clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND) {
> d036bda7d0e726 Elena Reshetova 2019-01-18 1637 refcount_inc(&current->sighand->count);
> ^1da177e4c3f41 Linus Torvalds 2005-04-16 1638 return 0;
> ^1da177e4c3f41 Linus Torvalds 2005-04-16 1639 }
> ^1da177e4c3f41 Linus Torvalds 2005-04-16 1640 sig = kmem_cache_alloc(sighand_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
> 0c282b068eb26d Madhuparna Bhowmik 2020-01-27 1641 RCU_INIT_POINTER(tsk->sighand, sig);
> ^1da177e4c3f41 Linus Torvalds 2005-04-16 1642 if (!sig)
> ^1da177e4c3f41 Linus Torvalds 2005-04-16 1643 return -ENOMEM;
> 9d7fb04276481c Peter Zijlstra 2015-06-30 1644
> d036bda7d0e726 Elena Reshetova 2019-01-18 1645 refcount_set(&sig->count, 1);
> 06e62a46bbba20 Jann Horn 2018-08-21 1646 spin_lock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
> ^1da177e4c3f41 Linus Torvalds 2005-04-16 @1647 memcpy(sig->action, current->sighand->action, sizeof(sig->action));
> 06e62a46bbba20 Jann Horn 2018-08-21 1648 spin_unlock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
> b612e5df4587c9 Christian Brauner 2019-10-14 1649
> b612e5df4587c9 Christian Brauner 2019-10-14 1650 /* Reset all signal handler not set to SIG_IGN to SIG_DFL. */
> b612e5df4587c9 Christian Brauner 2019-10-14 1651 if (clone_flags & CLONE_CLEAR_SIGHAND)
> b612e5df4587c9 Christian Brauner 2019-10-14 1652 flush_signal_handlers(tsk, 0);
> b612e5df4587c9 Christian Brauner 2019-10-14 1653
> ^1da177e4c3f41 Linus Torvalds 2005-04-16 1654 return 0;
> ^1da177e4c3f41 Linus Torvalds 2005-04-16 1655 }
> ^1da177e4c3f41 Linus Torvalds 2005-04-16 1656
>
> :::::: The code at line 1647 was first introduced by commit
> :::::: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 Linux-2.6.12-rc2
>
> :::::: TO: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> :::::: CC: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>