Re: [PATCH v5] mm/gup: disallow GUP writing to file-backed mappings by default
From: David Hildenbrand
Date: Fri Apr 28 2023 - 11:14:03 EST
[...]
This change has the potential to break existing setups. Simple example:
libvirt domains configured for file-backed VM memory that also has a vfio
device configured. It can easily be configured by users (evolving VM
configuration, copy-paste etc.). And it works from a VM perspective, because
the guest memory is essentially stale once the VM is shutdown and the pages
were unpinned. At least we're not concerned about stale data on disk.
With your changes, such VMs would no longer start, breaking existing user
setups with a kernel update.
Which vfio vm_ops are we talking about? vfio_pci_mmap_ops for example
doesn't specify page_mkwrite or pfn_mkwrite. Unless you mean some arbitrary
file system in the guest?
Sorry, you define a VM to have its memory backed by VM memory and, at
the same time, define a vfio-pci device for your VM, which will end up
long-term pinning the VM memory.
I may well be missing context on this so forgive me if I'm being a little
dumb here, but it'd be good to get a specific example.
I was giving to little details ;)
[...]
I know, Jason und John will disagree, but I don't think we want to be very
careful with changing the default.
Sure, we could warn, or convert individual users using a flag (io_uring).
But maybe we should invest more energy on a fix?
This is proactively blocking a cleanup (eliminating vmas) that I believe
will be useful in moving things forward. I am not against an opt-in option
(I have been responding to community feedback in adapting my approach),
which is the way I implemented it all the way back then :)
There are alternatives: just use a flag as Jason initially suggested and
use that in io_uring code. Then, you can also bail out on the GUP-fast
path as "cannot support it right now, never do GUP-fast".
IMHO, this patch is not a prereq.
But given we know this is both entirely broken and a potential security
issue, and FOLL_LONGTERM is about as egregious as you can get (user
explicitly saying they'll hold write access indefinitely) I feel it is an
important improvement and makes clear that this is not an acceptable usage.
I see Jason has said more on this also :)
Suggested-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@xxxxxxxxx>
---
include/linux/mm.h | 1 +
mm/gup.c | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
mm/mmap.c | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
3 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 37554b08bb28..f7da02fc89c6 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -2433,6 +2433,7 @@ extern unsigned long move_page_tables(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
#define MM_CP_UFFD_WP_ALL (MM_CP_UFFD_WP | \
MM_CP_UFFD_WP_RESOLVE)
+bool vma_needs_dirty_tracking(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
int vma_wants_writenotify(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgprot_t vm_page_prot);
static inline bool vma_wants_manual_pte_write_upgrade(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
diff --git a/mm/gup.c b/mm/gup.c
index 1f72a717232b..d36a5db9feb1 100644
--- a/mm/gup.c
+++ b/mm/gup.c
@@ -959,16 +959,51 @@ static int faultin_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
return 0;
}
+/*
+ * Writing to file-backed mappings which require folio dirty tracking using GUP
+ * is a fundamentally broken operation, as kernel write access to GUP mappings
+ * do not adhere to the semantics expected by a file system.
+ *
+ * Consider the following scenario:-
+ *
+ * 1. A folio is written to via GUP which write-faults the memory, notifying
+ * the file system and dirtying the folio.
+ * 2. Later, writeback is triggered, resulting in the folio being cleaned and
+ * the PTE being marked read-only.
+ * 3. The GUP caller writes to the folio, as it is mapped read/write via the
+ * direct mapping.
+ * 4. The GUP caller, now done with the page, unpins it and sets it dirty
+ * (though it does not have to).
+ *
+ * This results in both data being written to a folio without writenotify, and
+ * the folio being dirtied unexpectedly (if the caller decides to do so).
+ */
+static bool writeable_file_mapping_allowed(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+ unsigned long gup_flags)
+{
+ /* If we aren't pinning then no problematic write can occur. */
+ if (!(gup_flags & (FOLL_GET | FOLL_PIN)))
+ return true;
FOLL_LONGTERM only applies to FOLL_PIN. This check can be dropped.
I understand that of course (well maybe not of course, but I mean I do, I
have oodles of diagrams referencing this int he book :) This is intended to
document the fact that the check isn't relevant if we don't pin at all,
e.g. reading this you see:-
- (implicit) if not writing or anon we're good
- if not pin we're good
- ok we are only currently checking one especially egregious case
- finally, perform the dirty tracking check.
So this is intentional.
+
+ /* We limit this check to the most egregious case - a long term pin. */
+ if (!(gup_flags & FOLL_LONGTERM))
+ return true;
+
+ /* If the VMA requires dirty tracking then GUP will be problematic. */
+ return vma_needs_dirty_tracking(vma);
+}
+
static int check_vma_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long gup_flags)
{
vm_flags_t vm_flags = vma->vm_flags;
int write = (gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE);
int foreign = (gup_flags & FOLL_REMOTE);
+ bool vma_anon = vma_is_anonymous(vma);
if (vm_flags & (VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP))
return -EFAULT;
- if (gup_flags & FOLL_ANON && !vma_is_anonymous(vma))
+ if ((gup_flags & FOLL_ANON) && !vma_anon)
return -EFAULT;
if ((gup_flags & FOLL_LONGTERM) && vma_is_fsdax(vma))
@@ -978,6 +1013,10 @@ static int check_vma_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long gup_flags)
return -EFAULT;
if (write) {
+ if (!vma_anon &&
+ !writeable_file_mapping_allowed(vma, gup_flags))
+ return -EFAULT;
+
if (!(vm_flags & VM_WRITE)) {
if (!(gup_flags & FOLL_FORCE))
return -EFAULT;
diff --git a/mm/mmap.c b/mm/mmap.c
index 536bbb8fa0ae..7b6344d1832a 100644
--- a/mm/mmap.c
I'm probably missing something, why don't we have to handle GUP-fast (having
said that, it's hard to handle ;) )? The sequence you describe above should
apply to GUP-fast as well, no?
1) Pin writable mapped page using GUP-fast
2) Trigger writeback
3) Write to page via pin
4) Unpin and set dirty
You're right, and this is an excellent point. I worry about other GUP use
cases too, but we're a bit out of luck there because we don't get to check
the VMA _at all_ (which opens yet another Pandora's box about how safe it
is to do unlocked pinning :)
But again, this comes down to the fact we're trying to make things
_incrementally__ better rather than throwing our hands up and saying one
day my ship will come in...
That's not how security fixes are supposed to work IMHO, sorry.
--
Thanks,
David / dhildenb