Re: [PATCH v1 01/40] perf stat: Introduce skippable evsels
From: Ian Rogers
Date: Wed Apr 26 2023 - 22:03:28 EST
On Wed, Apr 26, 2023 at 5:37 PM Ian Rogers <irogers@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>
> On Wed, Apr 26, 2023 at 4:26 PM Yasin, Ahmad <ahmad.yasin@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> >
> > The output got needlessly lengthened with recent changes from Ian.
> >
> > These four metrics:
> > # 14.5 % tma_retiring
> > # 27.6 % tma_backend_bound
> > # 40.9 % tma_frontend_bound
> > # 17.0 % tma_bad_speculation
> > better be appended on the right hand side of these four events (as current perf-stat does):
> > 144,922 topdown-retiring:u
> > 411,266 topdown-fe-bound:u
> > 258,510 topdown-be-bound:u
> > 184,090 topdown-bad-spec:u
> >
> > Also, I think we should not bother the default perf-stat users with the last two events:
> > 2,585 INT_MISC.UOP_DROPPING:u # 4.528 M/sec
> > 3,434 cpu/INT_MISC.RECOVERY_CYCLES,cmask=1,edge/u # 6.015 M/sec
> >
> > (yes, there are meant to increase accuracy of the previous tma_* level1 metrics, but the underlying event vary from model to model, e.g. SKL to ICL to SPR).
> >
> > Besides, I can think on better metrics to append on the top-most TMA event (TOPDOWN.SLOTS). tma_retiring does not belong there.
> >
> > Ahmad
>
> Hi Ahmad,
>
> when running perf without events and metrics you get a set of events
> and metrics added for you. Previously this meant hard coded metrics
> and these are just wrong. Their formulas are wrong, their thresholds
> are wrong, they don't use groups correctly, they are inconsistent
> between hybrid core types (appearing for one and not the other) and
> there is more. When there is a hard coded metric then as they are
> implicit from events being enabled, if I gather topdown level 3
> metrics, topdown level 1 hard coded metrics may appear. So if I
> generate CSV output I may or may not get implicitly added columns from
> hard coded metrics. This bug was introduced by Intel and we've
> consistently requested a fix, including at our last face-to-face. On
> top of this the hard coded metrics in Linux 6.3 use "saved values" for
> aggregation and this is broken, counts are at least doubled in some
> cases meaning depending on flags you get wildly wrong figures for, for
> example, memory bandwidth. So everything is wrong in Linux 6.3 and
> needed fixing - this is something that Intel have been testing since
> February, for a bug introduced in October, but these complaints came
> up 2 weeks ago. Note, ARM pointed out an issue with this patch series
> in less than a day, which is awesome testing work!
>
> The switch to json metrics is both documented in the code base as
> being the desired route and also in presentations we have worked with
> Intel on giving (over years). But anyway, the complaint keeps coming
> back to the perf output when running without events or metrics. The
> output of what are called "shadow stats" in perf is tied to the output
> of events, for metrics it is tied to a "leading" event ie the first
> event parsed. For perf metric (cpu or cpu_core topdown-*) events there
> is a requirement that the group leader is slots, and so when there are
> topdown events in a metric it follows that the metrics are all output
> with the slots event. We could look to change this behavior but why?
> The complaint is that the output is hard to read, but it is hard to
> read regardless of json metrics. In the meeting today, "slots" is a
> classic example of what users don't understand. This is a separate
> problem than fixing bugs in aggregation, hybrid, etc. The naming
> decision to use "tma_bad_speculation" rather than "Bad Speculation" as
> used in Linux 6.3 was one that I recall you personally approving.
>
> Adding back the hard coded metrics and output for 6.4 is a regression:
> - it will break CSV output when moving across architectures
> - there is no testing unlike the json metrics that are tested as part
> of project Valkyrie
> - grouping, formulas, thresholds, etc. are broken.
> - the only compelling reason could be to avoid hybrid crashes, but
> that is something far better solved with this patch series.
>
> I understand toplev is using this output for the timed pebs work. It
> should not! There are no tests on the text output of perf, but what
> there are tests on are the CSV and Json output - that's why they
> exist. Tools should be using the CSV and Json output, if text were to
> be required tool output then there should be tests on it. I've asked
> for toplev to be added to the shell tests every time this has come up
> in the past. It is far better to fix toplev not to use text output.
>
> These changes are about fixing hybrid not about the output format of
> the perf tool. At no point during 6.4 development has the json metric
> output changed. Complaining that a tool, toplev, needs fixing because
> of this is the fault of the tool that was doing something wrong. Once
> tools are not using the text output then we can fix it and make it
> more human readable. There is no reason, for example, to include
> events *at all* when displaying metrics. At the same time as cleaning
> this up we can question whether IPC and branch miss rate should be
> gathered, as these contribute to multiplexing - another reason to run
> the tool with CSV or Json output with a named metric, metric group or
> event.
>
> I acknowledge your point but it is wrong. I can share today's slide
> deck with you if it is useful, Sam said she would be following up
> inside of Intel. The only proposed fix for 6.4 is to not enable the
> TopdownL1 group on hybrid. This patch series is the proposed long-term
> hybrid fix and for 6.5. Testing, reviews, etc. all very much
> appreciated.
>
> Thanks,
> Ian
Also Ahmad, note this series fixes the PMU scanning at perf start up
issue you reported to me - done as a way to better tokenize events,
but still fixed when possible (wildcard event names will scan PMUs as
they are wildcard event names, fix the scanning by adding a PMU as
pmu/event/). It also fixes json metrics, including topdown, on hybrid
architectures and non-hybrid ones like AlderlakeN. No perf output was
changed in this series of patches except when the previous output was
a breakage.
Thanks,
Ian
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Ian Rogers <irogers@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > Sent: Wednesday, April 26, 2023 10:00
> > To: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@xxxxxxxxxx>; Kan Liang <kan.liang@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>; Yasin, Ahmad <ahmad.yasin@xxxxxxxxx>; Peter Zijlstra <peterz@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>; Ingo Molnar <mingo@xxxxxxxxxx>; Eranian, Stephane <eranian@xxxxxxxxxx>; Andi Kleen <ak@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>; Taylor, Perry <perry.taylor@xxxxxxxxx>; Alt, Samantha <samantha.alt@xxxxxxxxx>; Biggers, Caleb <caleb.biggers@xxxxxxxxx>; Wang, Weilin <weilin.wang@xxxxxxxxx>; Baker, Edward <edward.baker@xxxxxxxxx>; Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@xxxxxxx>; Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>; Jiri Olsa <jolsa@xxxxxxxxxx>; Namhyung Kim <namhyung@xxxxxxxxxx>; Hunter, Adrian <adrian.hunter@xxxxxxxxx>; Florian Fischer <florian.fischer@muhq.space>; Rob Herring <robh@xxxxxxxxxx>; Zhengjun Xing <zhengjun.xing@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>; John Garry <john.g.garry@xxxxxxxxxx>; Kajol Jain <kjain@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>; Sumanth Korikkar <sumanthk@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>; Thomas Richter <tmricht@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>; Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@xxxxxxxxxxx>; Ravi Bangoria <ravi.bangoria@xxxxxxx>; Leo Yan <leo.yan@xxxxxxxxxx>; Yang Jihong <yangjihong1@xxxxxxxxxx>; James Clark <james.clark@xxxxxxx>; Suzuki Poulouse <suzuki.poulose@xxxxxxx>; Kang Minchul <tegongkang@xxxxxxxxx>; Athira Rajeev <atrajeev@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>; linux-perf-users@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx; linux-kernel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> > Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > Subject: [PATCH v1 01/40] perf stat: Introduce skippable evsels
> >
> > Perf stat with no arguments will use default events and metrics. These events may fail to open even with kernel and hypervisor disabled. When these fail then the permissions error appears even though they were implicitly selected. This is particularly a problem with the automatic selection of the TopdownL1 metric group on certain architectures like
> > Skylake:
> >
> > ```
> > $ perf stat true
> > Error:
> > Access to performance monitoring and observability operations is limited.
> > Consider adjusting /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid setting to open access to performance monitoring and observability operations for processes without CAP_PERFMON, CAP_SYS_PTRACE or CAP_SYS_ADMIN Linux capability.
> > More information can be found at 'Perf events and tool security' document:
> > https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/perf-security.html
> > perf_event_paranoid setting is 2:
> > -1: Allow use of (almost) all events by all users
> > Ignore mlock limit after perf_event_mlock_kb without CAP_IPC_LOCK
> > >= 0: Disallow raw and ftrace function tracepoint access = 1: Disallow
> > >CPU event access = 2: Disallow kernel profiling
> > To make the adjusted perf_event_paranoid setting permanent preserve it in /etc/sysctl.conf (e.g. kernel.perf_event_paranoid = <setting>) ```
> >
> > This patch adds skippable evsels that when they fail to open won't fail and won't appear in output. The TopdownL1 events, from the metric group, are marked as skippable. This turns the failure above to:
> >
> > ```
> > $ perf stat true
> >
> > Performance counter stats for 'true':
> >
> > 1.26 msec task-clock:u # 0.328 CPUs utilized
> > 0 context-switches:u # 0.000 /sec
> > 0 cpu-migrations:u # 0.000 /sec
> > 49 page-faults:u # 38.930 K/sec
> > 176,449 cycles:u # 0.140 GHz (48.99%)
> > 122,905 instructions:u # 0.70 insn per cycle
> > 28,264 branches:u # 22.456 M/sec
> > 2,405 branch-misses:u # 8.51% of all branches
> >
> > 0.003834565 seconds time elapsed
> >
> > 0.000000000 seconds user
> > 0.004130000 seconds sys
> > ```
> >
> > When the events can have kernel/hypervisor disabled, like on Tigerlake, then it continues to succeed as:
> >
> > ```
> > $ perf stat true
> >
> > Performance counter stats for 'true':
> >
> > 0.57 msec task-clock:u # 0.385 CPUs utilized
> > 0 context-switches:u # 0.000 /sec
> > 0 cpu-migrations:u # 0.000 /sec
> > 47 page-faults:u # 82.329 K/sec
> > 287,017 cycles:u # 0.503 GHz
> > 133,318 instructions:u # 0.46 insn per cycle
> > 31,396 branches:u # 54.996 M/sec
> > 2,442 branch-misses:u # 7.78% of all branches
> > 998,790 TOPDOWN.SLOTS:u # 14.5 % tma_retiring
> > # 27.6 % tma_backend_bound
> > # 40.9 % tma_frontend_bound
> > # 17.0 % tma_bad_speculation
> > 144,922 topdown-retiring:u
> > 411,266 topdown-fe-bound:u
> > 258,510 topdown-be-bound:u
> > 184,090 topdown-bad-spec:u
> > 2,585 INT_MISC.UOP_DROPPING:u # 4.528 M/sec
> > 3,434 cpu/INT_MISC.RECOVERY_CYCLES,cmask=1,edge/u # 6.015 M/sec
> >
> > 0.001480954 seconds time elapsed
> >
> > 0.000000000 seconds user
> > 0.001686000 seconds sys
> > ```
> >
> > And this likewise works if paranoia allows or running as root.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > ---
> > tools/perf/builtin-stat.c | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
> > tools/perf/util/evsel.c | 15 +++++++++++--
> > tools/perf/util/evsel.h | 1 +
> > tools/perf/util/stat-display.c | 4 ++++
> > 4 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/tools/perf/builtin-stat.c b/tools/perf/builtin-stat.c index efda63f6bf32..eb34f5418ad3 100644
> > --- a/tools/perf/builtin-stat.c
> > +++ b/tools/perf/builtin-stat.c
> > @@ -667,6 +667,13 @@ static enum counter_recovery stat_handle_error(struct evsel *counter)
> > evsel_list->core.threads->err_thread = -1;
> > return COUNTER_RETRY;
> > }
> > + } else if (counter->skippable) {
> > + if (verbose > 0)
> > + ui__warning("skipping event %s that kernel failed to open .\n",
> > + evsel__name(counter));
> > + counter->supported = false;
> > + counter->errored = true;
> > + return COUNTER_SKIP;
> > }
> >
> > evsel__open_strerror(counter, &target, errno, msg, sizeof(msg)); @@ -1885,15 +1892,29 @@ static int add_default_attributes(void)
> > * Add TopdownL1 metrics if they exist. To minimize
> > * multiplexing, don't request threshold computation.
> > */
> > - if (metricgroup__has_metric("TopdownL1") &&
> > - metricgroup__parse_groups(evsel_list, "TopdownL1",
> > - /*metric_no_group=*/false,
> > - /*metric_no_merge=*/false,
> > - /*metric_no_threshold=*/true,
> > - stat_config.user_requested_cpu_list,
> > - stat_config.system_wide,
> > - &stat_config.metric_events) < 0)
> > - return -1;
> > + if (metricgroup__has_metric("TopdownL1")) {
> > + struct evlist *metric_evlist = evlist__new();
> > + struct evsel *metric_evsel;
> > +
> > + if (!metric_evlist)
> > + return -1;
> > +
> > + if (metricgroup__parse_groups(metric_evlist, "TopdownL1",
> > + /*metric_no_group=*/false,
> > + /*metric_no_merge=*/false,
> > + /*metric_no_threshold=*/true,
> > + stat_config.user_requested_cpu_list,
> > + stat_config.system_wide,
> > + &stat_config.metric_events) < 0)
> > + return -1;
> > +
> > + evlist__for_each_entry(metric_evlist, metric_evsel) {
> > + metric_evsel->skippable = true;
> > + }
> > + evlist__splice_list_tail(evsel_list, &metric_evlist->core.entries);
> > + evlist__delete(metric_evlist);
> > + }
> > +
> > /* Platform specific attrs */
> > if (evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list, default_null_attrs) < 0)
> > return -1;
> > diff --git a/tools/perf/util/evsel.c b/tools/perf/util/evsel.c index 356c07f03be6..1cd04b5998d2 100644
> > --- a/tools/perf/util/evsel.c
> > +++ b/tools/perf/util/evsel.c
> > @@ -290,6 +290,7 @@ void evsel__init(struct evsel *evsel,
> > evsel->per_pkg_mask = NULL;
> > evsel->collect_stat = false;
> > evsel->pmu_name = NULL;
> > + evsel->skippable = false;
> > }
> >
> > struct evsel *evsel__new_idx(struct perf_event_attr *attr, int idx) @@ -1725,9 +1726,13 @@ static int get_group_fd(struct evsel *evsel, int cpu_map_idx, int thread)
> > return -1;
> >
> > fd = FD(leader, cpu_map_idx, thread);
> > - BUG_ON(fd == -1);
> > + BUG_ON(fd == -1 && !leader->skippable);
> >
> > - return fd;
> > + /*
> > + * When the leader has been skipped, return -2 to distinguish from no
> > + * group leader case.
> > + */
> > + return fd == -1 ? -2 : fd;
> > }
> >
> > static void evsel__remove_fd(struct evsel *pos, int nr_cpus, int nr_threads, int thread_idx) @@ -2109,6 +2114,12 @@ static int evsel__open_cpu(struct evsel *evsel, struct perf_cpu_map *cpus,
> >
> > group_fd = get_group_fd(evsel, idx, thread);
> >
> > + if (group_fd == -2) {
> > + pr_debug("broken group leader for %s\n", evsel->name);
> > + err = -EINVAL;
> > + goto out_close;
> > + }
> > +
> > test_attr__ready();
> >
> > /* Debug message used by test scripts */ diff --git a/tools/perf/util/evsel.h b/tools/perf/util/evsel.h index 35805dcdb1b9..bf8f01af1c0b 100644
> > --- a/tools/perf/util/evsel.h
> > +++ b/tools/perf/util/evsel.h
> > @@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ struct evsel {
> > bool weak_group;
> > bool bpf_counter;
> > bool use_config_name;
> > + bool skippable;
> > int bpf_fd;
> > struct bpf_object *bpf_obj;
> > struct list_head config_terms;
> > diff --git a/tools/perf/util/stat-display.c b/tools/perf/util/stat-display.c index e6035ecbeee8..6b46bbb3d322 100644
> > --- a/tools/perf/util/stat-display.c
> > +++ b/tools/perf/util/stat-display.c
> > @@ -810,6 +810,10 @@ static bool should_skip_zero_counter(struct perf_stat_config *config,
> > struct perf_cpu cpu;
> > int idx;
> >
> > + /* Skip counters that were speculatively/default enabled rather than requested. */
> > + if (counter->skippable)
> > + return true;
> > +
> > /*
> > * Skip value 0 when enabling --per-thread globally,
> > * otherwise it will have too many 0 output.
> > --
> > 2.40.1.495.gc816e09b53d-goog
> >
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