[RFC PATCH 00/21] RISC-V: QoS: add CBQRI resctrl interface

[Drew Fustini]

This RFC series adds a resctrl interface for resource controllers that
implement the RISC-V Capacity and Bandwidth QoS Register Interface
(CBQRI) specification [1].

These patches are also available as a branch [2]. Please note that they
are based on a 6.3-rc1 branch by James Morse [3] for reasons that will
be explained below.

There is a complimentary RFC patch series for Qemu [4] that implements
CBQRI, and there is a qemu branch with those patches too [5].

RISC-V QoS
----------
QoS (Quality of Service) in this context is concerned with shared
resources on an SoC such as cache capacity and memory bandwidth.

The Ssqosid extension (supervisor-mode QoS ID) defines the sqoscfg CSR
which consists of a resource control identifier (RCID) and a monitoring
counter identifier (MCID). This allows a software workload, such as a
process or a set of processes, to be associated with each request made
by a hart to shared resources like cache.

CBQRI defines operations to configure resource usage limits, in the form
of capacity or bandwidth, for an RCID. CBQRI also defines operations to
configure counters to track resource utilization per MCID. Furthermore,
the Access Type (AT) field allows resources to be differentiated between
data and code.

x86 comparison
--------------
Intel RDT and AMD QoS features have already been present in some x86
processors for several years. The existing QoS identifiers on x86 map
well to the RISC-V Ssqoid extension:

  CLOSID (Class of Service ID) on x86 is RCID on RISC-V
    RMID (Resource Monitoring ID) on x86 is MCID on RISC-V

In addition, CDP (code data prioritization) on x86 is similar to the
AT (access type) field in CBQRI which defines code and data types.


resctrl beyond x86
------------------
The resctrl virtual filesystem [6] is an established userspace ABI for
QoS features on x86. However, the resctrl code is tightly coupled to
arch/x6, and it is not currently possible to use it with another
architecture in mainline.

James Morse has been working to separate resctrl out into an independent
virtual filesystem that can be used by any arch that implements a
resctrl interface. The most recent patch series is v3 of "x86/resctrl:
monitored closid+rmid together, separate arch/fs locking" [7].

The motivation behind this work from James Morse is to support the Arm
Memory System Resource Partitioning and Monitoring (MPAM) extension [8].
James maintains a "snapshot" branch for each mainline release [9] that
has a cohesive implementation of MPAM support. It includes the ability
to enable the resctrl filesystem for non-x86 architectures. Therefore,
the RISC-V support for resctrl in this RFC patch series relies on the
fs/resctrl code in the snapshot branch.

However, the current mpam snapshot branch on kernel.org is for 6.2. That
is too old to base this RFC on because RISC-V extension handling has
changed a lot since then. As result, this RFC patches series is based on
this 6.3 mpam snapshot branch [3] by James, but it won't be pushed to
kernel.org until 6.3 is officially released.

Limitations of resctrl
----------------------
Both MPAM and CBQRI are generic enough to offer a lot of flexibility for
hardware implementations. This is in contrast to the fixed functionality
of Intel RDT and AMD QoS features.

For example, Intel RDT only considers L2 and L3 cache resources. The
memory bandwidth resource (MBA) is assumed to be sitting at the L3 cache
level. In addition, CDP only supports caches so the usage of the CBQRI
Access Types (AT field) has to be limited to CBQRI capacity controllers.

This RFC patch series follows that same philosophy as the MPAM support
by James Morse [10]. Support only the functionality that is already
possible with the existing resctrl interface. There is much more
functionality that both MPAM and CBQRI offer, but that will be deferred
until after the decoupling of resctrl from x86 is merged.

One aspect of CBQRI that simplifies the RISC-V resctrl interface is that
any cpu (technically a hart, or hardware thread, in RISC-V terminology)
can access the memory-mapped registers of any CBQRI controller in the
system. This means that unlike with RDT and MPAM, it does not matter
which cpu runs the resctrl code.        

Example SoC
-----------
This series also includes example drivers for a hypothetical SoC with a
cache controller that implements CBQRI capacity operations and a memory
controller that implements CBQRI bandwidth operations. The drivers are
intended to work with the Qemu branch [5] which instantiates:

  - L2 cache controllers
    - Resource type: Capacity
    - Number of capacity blocks (NCBLKS): 12
    	- In the context of a set-associative cache, the number of
	  capacity blocks can be thought of as the number of ways
    - Number of access types: 2 (code and data)
    - Usage monitoring not supported
    - Capacity allocation operations: CONFIG_LIMIT, READ_LIMIT

  - Last-level cache (LLC) controller
    - Resource type: Capacity
    - Number of capacity blocks (NCBLKS): 16
    - Number of access types: 2 (code and data)
    - Usage monitoring operations: CONFIG_EVENT, READ_COUNTER
    - Event IDs supported: None, Occupancy
    - Capacity allocation ops: CONFIG_LIMIT, READ_LIMIT, FLUSH_RCID

  - Memory controllers
    - Resource type: Bandwidth
    - Number of bandwidth blocks (NBWBLKS): 1024
       - Bandwidth blocks do not have a unit but instead represent a
         portion of the total bandwidth resource. For NWBLKS of 1024,
	 each block represents about 0.1% of the bandwidth resource.
    - Maximum reserved bandwidth blocks (MRBWB): 819 (80% of NBWBLKS)
    - Number of access types: 1 (no code/data differentiation)
    - Usage monitoring operations: CONFIG_EVENT, READ_COUNTER
    - Event IDs supported: None, Total read/write byte count, Total
                           read byte count, Total write byte count
    - Bandwidth allocation operations: CONFIG_LIMIT, READ_LIMIT

The memory map for this example SoC:

  Base addr  Size
  0x4820000  4KB  Cluster 0 L2 cache controller
  0x4821000  4KB  Cluster 1 L2 cache controller
  0x4828000  4KB  Memory controller 0
  0x4829000  4KB  Memory controller 1
  0X482a000  4KB  Memory controller 2
  0X482b000  4KB  Shared LLC cache controller

This configuration is only meant to provide a "concrete" example, and it
represents just one of many possible ways that hardware can implement
the CBQRI spec.

Status of CBQRI
---------------
The CBQRI spec is still in a draft state and is undergoing review [11].
It is possible there will be changes to the Ssqosid extension and the
CBQRI spec. For example, the sqoscfg CSR address is not yet finalized.

The goal of this RFC patch series, along with the complimentary Qemu
patch series, is to satisfy the software proof of concept requirement
for CBQRI to become frozen.

[1] https://github.com/riscv-non-isa/riscv-cbqri/blob/main/riscv-cbqri.pdf
[2] https://gitlab.baylibre.com/baylibre/linux/-/tree/riscv-cbqri-rfc
[3] https://gitlab.arm.com/linux-arm/linux-jm/-/tree/mpam/snaphot/20230406
[4] https://lore.kernel.org/qemu-devel/20230416232050.4094820-1-dfustini@xxxxxxxxxxxx/
[5] https://gitlab.baylibre.com/baylibre/qemu/-/tree/riscv-cbqri-rfc
[6] https://docs.kernel.org/x86/resctrl.html
[7] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230320172620.18254-1-james.morse@xxxxxxx/
[8] https://developer.arm.com/documentation/107768/0100/Arm-Memory-System-Resource-Partitioning-and-Monitoring--MPAM--Extension
[9] https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/morse/linux.git/log/?h=mpam/snapshot/v6.2
[10] https://gitlab.arm.com/linux-arm/linux-jm/-/blob/mpam/snaphot/20230406/KNOWN_ISSUES
[11] https://lists.riscv.org/g/tech-cbqri/message/38

Drew Fustini (21):
  RISC-V: Detect the Ssqosid extension
  RISC-V: Add support for sqoscfg CSR
  RISC-V: QoS: define properties of CBQRI controllers
  RISC-V: QoS: define CBQRI capacity and bandwidth capabilities
  RISC-V: QoS: define prototypes for resctrl interface
  RISC-V: QoS: define CBQRI resctrl resources and domains
  RISC-V: QoS: add resctrl interface for CBQRI controllers
  RISC-V: QoS: expose implementation to resctrl
  RISC-V: QoS: add late_initcall to setup resctrl interface
  RISC-V: QoS: make CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_SSQOSID select resctrl
  RISC-V: QoS: add to build when CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_SSQOSID set
  dt-bindings: riscv: add riscv,cbqri bindings
  DO_NOT_MERGE dt-bindings: add foobar vendor-prefix
  DO_NOT_MERGE dt-bindings: soc: add Foobar SoC cache controller
  DO_NOT_MERGE dt-bindings: soc: add Foobar SoC memory controller
  DO_NOT_MERGE soc: add Foobar SoC cache controller driver
  DO_NOT_MERGE soc: add Foobar SoC memory controller driver
  DO_NOT_MERGE soc: build Foobar SoC drivers
  DO_NOT_MERGE riscv: dts: qemu: add dump from riscv-cbqri-rfc
  DO_NOT_MERGE riscv: dts: qemu: add cbqri-capable controllers
  DO_NOT_MERGE riscv: dts: build qemu virt device tree

 .../bindings/riscv/riscv,cbqri.yaml           |   28 +
 .../soc/foobar/foobar,cache-controller.yaml   |   51 +
 .../soc/foobar/foobar,memory-controller.yaml  |   49 +
 .../devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.yaml  |    2 +
 arch/riscv/Kconfig                            |   22 +
 arch/riscv/boot/dts/Makefile                  |    1 +
 arch/riscv/boot/dts/qemu/Makefile             |    3 +
 arch/riscv/boot/dts/qemu/qemu-virt-cbqri.dts  |  430 ++++++
 arch/riscv/include/asm/csr.h                  |    8 +
 arch/riscv/include/asm/hwcap.h                |    2 +
 arch/riscv/include/asm/processor.h            |    3 +
 arch/riscv/include/asm/qos.h                  |   40 +
 arch/riscv/include/asm/resctrl.h              |    2 +
 arch/riscv/include/asm/switch_to.h            |    2 +
 arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile                    |    2 +
 arch/riscv/kernel/cpu.c                       |    1 +
 arch/riscv/kernel/cpufeature.c                |    1 +
 arch/riscv/kernel/qos/Makefile                |    2 +
 arch/riscv/kernel/qos/internal.h              |  157 +++
 arch/riscv/kernel/qos/qos.c                   |   31 +
 arch/riscv/kernel/qos/qos_resctrl.c           | 1231 +++++++++++++++++
 drivers/soc/Kconfig                           |    1 +
 drivers/soc/Makefile                          |    1 +
 drivers/soc/foobar/Kconfig                    |   21 +
 drivers/soc/foobar/Makefile                   |    4 +
 drivers/soc/foobar/foobar_cbqri_cache.c       |  110 ++
 drivers/soc/foobar/foobar_cbqri_memory.c      |   83 ++
 include/linux/riscv_qos.h                     |   92 ++
 28 files changed, 2380 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/riscv/riscv,cbqri.yaml
 create mode 100644 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/soc/foobar/foobar,cache-controller.yaml
 create mode 100644 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/soc/foobar/foobar,memory-controller.yaml
 create mode 100644 arch/riscv/boot/dts/qemu/Makefile
 create mode 100644 arch/riscv/boot/dts/qemu/qemu-virt-cbqri.dts
 create mode 100644 arch/riscv/include/asm/qos.h
 create mode 100644 arch/riscv/include/asm/resctrl.h
 create mode 100644 arch/riscv/kernel/qos/Makefile
 create mode 100644 arch/riscv/kernel/qos/internal.h
 create mode 100644 arch/riscv/kernel/qos/qos.c
 create mode 100644 arch/riscv/kernel/qos/qos_resctrl.c
 create mode 100644 drivers/soc/foobar/Kconfig
 create mode 100644 drivers/soc/foobar/Makefile
 create mode 100644 drivers/soc/foobar/foobar_cbqri_cache.c
 create mode 100644 drivers/soc/foobar/foobar_cbqri_memory.c
 create mode 100644 include/linux/riscv_qos.h

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2.34.1