[PATCH v2 4/5] LoongArch: Add support for kernel relocation

From: Xi Ruoyao
Date: Tue Feb 07 2023 - 09:33:32 EST

From: Youling Tang <tangyouling@xxxxxxxxxxx>

arch/loongarch/kernel/relocate.c contains the functions necessary to
relocate the kernel elsewhere in memory.

The kernel makes a copy of itself at the new address. It uses the
relocation table inserted by the relocs tool to fix symbol references
within the new image.

If copy/relocation is successful then the entry point of the new kernel
is returned, otherwise fall back to starting the kernel in place.

Signed-off-by: Youling Tang <tangyouling@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Xi Ruoyao <xry111@xxxxxxxxxxx> # Fix compiler warnings
---
arch/loongarch/Kconfig | 15 +++++
arch/loongarch/Makefile | 5 ++
arch/loongarch/kernel/Makefile | 2 +
arch/loongarch/kernel/head.S | 18 ++++++
arch/loongarch/kernel/relocate.c | 96 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
arch/loongarch/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S | 11 +++-
6 files changed, 145 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 arch/loongarch/kernel/relocate.c

diff --git a/arch/loongarch/Kconfig b/arch/loongarch/Kconfig
index 0e2427d4ee50..db83f71ba1c0 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/loongarch/Kconfig
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ config LOONGARCH
select ARCH_SUPPORTS_ATOMIC_RMW
select ARCH_SUPPORTS_HUGETLBFS
select ARCH_SUPPORTS_NUMA_BALANCING
+ select SYS_SUPPORTS_RELOCATABLE
select ARCH_USE_BUILTIN_BSWAP
select ARCH_USE_CMPXCHG_LOCKREF
select ARCH_USE_QUEUED_RWLOCKS
@@ -229,6 +230,11 @@ config SCHED_OMIT_FRAME_POINTER
config AS_HAS_EXPLICIT_RELOCS
def_bool $(as-instr,x:pcalau12i \$t0$(comma)%pc_hi20(x))

+config SYS_SUPPORTS_RELOCATABLE
+ bool
+ help
+ Selected if the platform supports relocating the kernel.
+
menu "Kernel type and options"

source "kernel/Kconfig.hz"
@@ -474,6 +480,15 @@ config PHYSICAL_START
specified in the "crashkernel=YM@XM" command line boot parameter
passed to the panic-ed kernel).

+config RELOCATABLE
+ bool "Relocatable kernel"
+ depends on SYS_SUPPORTS_RELOCATABLE
+ help
+ This builds the kernel as a Position Independent Executable (PIE),
+ which retains all relocation metadata required to relocate the
+ kernel binary at runtime to a different virtual address than the
+ address it was linked at.
+
config SECCOMP
bool "Enable seccomp to safely compute untrusted bytecode"
depends on PROC_FS
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/Makefile b/arch/loongarch/Makefile
index 4402387d2755..27b5a70ff31c 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/Makefile
+++ b/arch/loongarch/Makefile
@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@ KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE += -Wa,-mla-global-with-abs
KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE += -fplt -Wa,-mla-global-with-abs,-mla-local-with-abs
endif

+ifeq ($(CONFIG_RELOCATABLE),y)
+LDFLAGS_vmlinux += -static -pie --no-dynamic-linker -z notext
+KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL += -fPIE
+endif
+
cflags-y += -ffreestanding
cflags-y += $(call cc-option, -mno-check-zero-division)

diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/Makefile b/arch/loongarch/kernel/Makefile
index c8cfbd562921..3341dd5f0926 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/Makefile
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ endif
obj-$(CONFIG_MODULES) += module.o module-sections.o
obj-$(CONFIG_STACKTRACE) += stacktrace.o

+obj-$(CONFIG_RELOCATABLE) += relocate.o
+
obj-$(CONFIG_PROC_FS) += proc.o

obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += smp.o
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/head.S b/arch/loongarch/kernel/head.S
index e8a4bf9d7599..6db1549177ad 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/head.S
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/head.S
@@ -88,7 +88,25 @@ SYM_CODE_START(kernel_entry) # kernel entry point
PTR_ADD sp, sp, tp
set_saved_sp sp, t0, t1

+#ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
+ /* Copy kernel and apply the relocations */
+ bl relocate_kernel
+
+ /* Repoint the sp into the new kernel image */
+ PTR_LI sp, (_THREAD_SIZE - 32 - PT_SIZE)
+ PTR_ADD sp, sp, tp
+ set_saved_sp sp, t0, t1
+ PTR_ADDI sp, sp, -4 * SZREG # init stack pointer
+
+ /*
+ * relocate_kernel returns the entry point either
+ * in the relocated kernel or the original if for
+ * some reason relocation failed.
+ */
+ jr a0
+#else
bl start_kernel
+#endif
ASM_BUG()

SYM_CODE_END(kernel_entry)
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/relocate.c b/arch/loongarch/kernel/relocate.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9c61e03d3e91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/relocate.c
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Support for Kernel relocation at boot time
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 Loongson Technology Corporation Limited
+ */
+
+#include <linux/elf.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/start_kernel.h>
+#include <linux/printk.h>
+#include <linux/panic_notifier.h>
+#include <asm/bootinfo.h>
+#include <asm/inst.h>
+#include <asm/sections.h>
+
+#define RELOCATED(x) ((void *)((long)x + offset))
+
+extern long __rela_dyn_start;
+extern long __rela_dyn_end;
+
+/*
+ * Choose a new address for the kernel, for now we'll hard
+ * code the destination.
+ */
+static inline void __init *determine_relocation_address(void)
+{
+ return (void *)(CACHE_BASE + 0x02000000);
+}
+
+static inline int __init relocation_addr_valid(void *loc_new)
+{
+ if ((unsigned long)loc_new & 0x0000ffff) {
+ /* Inappropriately aligned new location */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ if ((unsigned long)loc_new < (unsigned long)_end) {
+ /* New location overlaps original kernel */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+void *__init relocate_kernel(void)
+{
+ Elf64_Rela *rela, *rela_end;
+ void *loc_new;
+ unsigned long kernel_length;
+ long offset = 0;
+ /* Default to original kernel entry point */
+ void *kernel_entry = start_kernel;
+
+ kernel_length = (long)(_end) - (long)(_text);
+
+ loc_new = determine_relocation_address();
+
+ /* Sanity check relocation address */
+ if (relocation_addr_valid(loc_new))
+ offset = (unsigned long)loc_new - (unsigned long)(_text);
+
+ if (offset) {
+ /* Copy the kernel to it's new location */
+ memcpy(loc_new, _text, kernel_length);
+
+ /* Sync the caches ready for execution of new kernel */
+ __asm__ __volatile__ (
+ "ibar 0 \t\n"
+ "dbar 0 \t\n");
+
+ rela = (Elf64_Rela *)RELOCATED(&__rela_dyn_start);
+ rela_end = (Elf64_Rela *)RELOCATED(&__rela_dyn_end);
+
+ for ( ; rela < rela_end; rela++) {
+ Elf64_Addr addr = rela->r_offset;
+ Elf64_Addr relocated_addr = rela->r_addend;
+
+ if (rela->r_info != R_LARCH_RELATIVE)
+ continue;
+
+ if (relocated_addr >= VMLINUX_LOAD_ADDRESS)
+ relocated_addr =
+ (Elf64_Addr)RELOCATED(relocated_addr);
+
+ *(Elf64_Addr *)RELOCATED(addr) = relocated_addr;
+
+ }
+
+ /* The current thread is now within the relocated image */
+ __current_thread_info = RELOCATED(__current_thread_info);
+
+ /* Return the new kernel's entry point */
+ kernel_entry = RELOCATED(start_kernel);
+ }
+
+ return kernel_entry;
+}
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S b/arch/loongarch/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
index 733b16e8d55d..aec0b6567d24 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ SECTIONS
.plt : ALIGN(16) { *(.plt) }
.got.plt : ALIGN(16) { *(.got.plt) }

+ .data.rel : { *(.data.rel*) }
+
. = ALIGN(PECOFF_SEGMENT_ALIGN);
__init_begin = .;
__inittext_begin = .;
@@ -93,8 +95,6 @@ SECTIONS
PERCPU_SECTION(1 << CONFIG_L1_CACHE_SHIFT)
#endif

- .rela.dyn : ALIGN(8) { *(.rela.dyn) *(.rela*) }
-
.init.bss : {
*(.init.bss)
}
@@ -107,6 +107,12 @@ SECTIONS
RO_DATA(4096)
RW_DATA(1 << CONFIG_L1_CACHE_SHIFT, PAGE_SIZE, THREAD_SIZE)

+ .rela.dyn : ALIGN(8) {
+ __rela_dyn_start = .;
+ *(.rela.dyn) *(.rela*)
+ __rela_dyn_end = .;
+ }
+
.sdata : {
*(.sdata)
}
@@ -133,6 +139,7 @@ SECTIONS

DISCARDS
/DISCARD/ : {
+ *(.dynamic .dynsym .dynstr .hash .gnu.hash)
*(.gnu.attributes)
*(.options)
*(.eh_frame)
--
2.37.0