BUG in BPF verifier, 10 insns costs 2 mins+ to load

[Hao Sun]

Hi,

I've just written a BPF verifier fuzzer, targeting logic bugs in the
BPF verifier.
The following is an abnormal case it generated. The case only contains 10
BPF instructions but costs more than 2 mins to load on :
    HEAD commit: f0c4d9fc9cc9 Linux 6.1-rc4
    git tree: upstream
    kernel config: https://pastebin.com/raw/SBxaikiG
    C reproducer: https://pastebin.com/raw/HsDXdraZ
    verifier log: https://pastebin.com/raw/sNmSsVxs

Ideally, the verifier should exit quickly in this case, since R2=42
always holds.
The behaviour of the verifier does not make sense to me, seems it lost
the range information of R2.

Please point out if I missed anything, the C reproducer in the link
(https://pastebin.com/raw/HsDXdraZ)
essentially loads the following case into `test_verifier.c`:
{
"BVF verifier test",
.insns = {
BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_1, 42),
BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_2, 0),
BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 1),
BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
BPF_ALU64_REG(BPF_ADD, BPF_REG_2, BPF_REG_1),
BPF_ALU32_IMM(BPF_DIV, BPF_REG_2, 1),
BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_SUB, BPF_REG_1, 108),
BPF_JMP32_REG(BPF_JGT, BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_2, -3),
BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_0, BPF_REG_2),
BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
},
.prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP,
},

The verifier's log is more then 4M, but essentially is:
    0: R1=ctx(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
    0: (b7) r1 = 42                       ; R1_w=P42
    1: (b7) r2 = 0                        ; R2_w=P0
    2: (85) call pc+1
    caller:
     R10=fp0
    callee:
     frame1: R1_w=P42 R2_w=P0 R10=fp0
    4: (57) r2 &= -52                     ; frame1: R2_w=P0
    5: (0f) r2 += r1                      ; frame1: R1_w=P42 R2_w=P42
    6: (34) w2 /= 1                       ; frame1:
R2_w=Pscalar(umax=4294967295,var_off=(0x0; 0xffffffff))
    7: (17) r1 -= 108                     ; frame1: R1_w=P-66
    8: (2e) if w1 > w2 goto pc-3 6: frame1: R1_w=P-66
R2_w=Pscalar(umax=4294967229,var_off=(0x0; 0xffffffff)) R10=fp0
    6: (34) w2 /= 1                       ; frame1:
R2_w=Pscalar(umax=4294967295,var_off=(0x0; 0xffffffff))
    7: (17) r1 -= 108                     ; frame1: R1_w=P-174
    8: (2e) if w1 > w2 goto pc-3 6: frame1: R1_w=P-174
R2_w=Pscalar(umax=4294967121,var_off=(0x0; 0xffffffff)) R10=fp0
    6: (34) w2 /= 1                       ; frame1:
R2_w=Pscalar(umax=4294967295,var_off=(0x0; 0xffffffff))
    7: (17) r1 -= 108                     ; frame1: R1=P-282
    8: (2e) if w1 > w2 goto pc-3 6: frame1: R1=P-282
R2=Pscalar(umax=4294967013,var_off=(0x0; 0xffffffff)) R10=fp0
    ...
    6: (34) w2 /= 1                       ; frame1:
R2_w=Pscalar(umax=4294967295,var_off=(0x0; 0xffffffff))
    7: (17) r1 -= 108                     ; frame1: R1_w=P-6342690
    8: (2e) if w1 > w2 goto pc-3 6: frame1: R1_w=P-6342690
R2_w=Pscalar(umax=4288624605,var_off=(0x0; 0xffffffff)) R10=fp0
    6: (34) w2 /= 1                       ; frame1:
R2_w=Pscalar(umax=4294967295,var_off=(0x0; 0xffffffff))
    7: (17) r1 -= 108                     ; frame1: R1_w=P-6342798
    8: (2e) if w1 > w2 goto pc-3          ; frame1: R1_w=P-6342798
R2_w=Pscalar(umin=4288624498,umax=4294967295,var_off=(0xff800000;
0x7fffff),s32_min=-6342798,s32_max=-1)
    9: (bf) r0 = r2                       ; frame1:
R0_w=Pscalar(id=58730,umin=4288624498,umax=4294967295,var_off=(0xff800000;
0x7fffff),s32_min=-6342798,s32_max=-1)
R2_w=Pscalar(id=58730,umin=4288624498,umax=4294967295,var_off=(0xff800000;
0x7fffff),s32_min=-6342798,s32_max=-1)
    10: (95) exit
    returning from callee:
     frame1: R0_w=Pscalar(id=58730,umin=4288624498,umax=4294967295,var_off=(0xff800000;
0x7fffff),s32_min=-6342798,s32_max=-1) R1_w=P-6342798
R2_w=Pscalar(id=58730,umin=4288624498,umax=4294967295,var_off=(0xff800000;
0x7fffff),s32_min=-6342798,s32_max=-1) R10=fp0
    to caller at 3:
     R0_w=Pscalar(id=58730,umin=4288624498,umax=429496