Re: [PATCH v10 10/11] arm64: Introduce stack trace reliability checks in the unwinder

[Madhavan T. Venkataraman]

Hi Nobuta,

Sorry for the delay in responding to your comment.
I will fix the issue you have raised in the next version.

Thanks. Again, sorry for the late response.

Madhavan

On 11/4/21 7:39 AM, nobuta.keiya@xxxxxxxxxxx wrote:
> Hi Madhavan,
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: madvenka@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx <madvenka@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>> Sent: Friday, October 15, 2021 11:59 AM
>> To: mark.rutland@xxxxxxx; broonie@xxxxxxxxxx; jpoimboe@xxxxxxxxxx; ardb@xxxxxxxxxx; Nobuta, Keiya/信田 圭哉
>> <nobuta.keiya@xxxxxxxxxxx>; sjitindarsingh@xxxxxxxxx; catalin.marinas@xxxxxxx; will@xxxxxxxxxx; jmorris@xxxxxxxxx;
>> linux-arm-kernel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx; live-patching@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx; linux-kernel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx;
>> madvenka@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>> Subject: [PATCH v10 10/11] arm64: Introduce stack trace reliability checks in the unwinder
>>
>> From: "Madhavan T. Venkataraman" <madvenka@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>>
>> There are some kernel features and conditions that make a stack trace unreliable. Callers may require the unwinder to detect
>> these cases.
>> E.g., livepatch.
>>
>> Introduce a new function called unwind_check_reliability() that will detect these cases and set a flag in the stack frame. Call
>> unwind_check_reliability() for every frame, that is, in unwind_start() and unwind_next().
>>
>> Introduce the first reliability check in unwind_check_reliability() - If a return PC is not a valid kernel text address, consider the
>> stack trace unreliable. It could be some generated code. Other reliability checks will be added in the future.
>>
>> Let unwind() return a boolean to indicate if the stack trace is reliable.
>>
>> Introduce arch_stack_walk_reliable() for ARM64. This works like
>> arch_stack_walk() except that it returns -EINVAL if the stack trace is not reliable.
>>
>> Until all the reliability checks are in place, arch_stack_walk_reliable() may not be used by livepatch. But it may be used by
>> debug and test code.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Madhavan T. Venkataraman <madvenka@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>> ---
>>  arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace.h |  3 ++
>>  arch/arm64/kernel/stacktrace.c      | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
>>  2 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace.h
>> index ba2180c7d5cd..ce0710fa3037 100644
>> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace.h
>> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace.h
>> @@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ struct stack_info {
>>   *               replacement lr value in the ftrace graph stack.
>>   *
>>   * @failed:      Unwind failed.
>> + *
>> + * @reliable:    Stack trace is reliable.
>>   */
>>  struct stackframe {
>>  	unsigned long fp;
>> @@ -62,6 +64,7 @@ struct stackframe {
>>  	int graph;
>>  #endif
>>  	bool failed;
>> +	bool reliable;
>>  };
>>
>>  extern void dump_backtrace(struct pt_regs *regs, struct task_struct *tsk, diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/stacktrace.c
>> b/arch/arm64/kernel/stacktrace.c index 8e9e6f38c975..142f08ae515f 100644
>> --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/stacktrace.c
>> +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/stacktrace.c
>> @@ -18,6 +18,22 @@
>>  #include <asm/stack_pointer.h>
>>  #include <asm/stacktrace.h>
>>
>> +/*
>> + * Check the stack frame for conditions that make further unwinding unreliable.
>> + */
>> +static void notrace unwind_check_reliability(struct stackframe *frame)
>> +{
>> +	/*
>> +	 * If the PC is not a known kernel text address, then we cannot
>> +	 * be sure that a subsequent unwind will be reliable, as we
>> +	 * don't know that the code follows our unwind requirements.
>> +	 */
>> +	if (!__kernel_text_address(frame->pc))
>> +		frame->reliable = false;
>> +}
>> +
>> +NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(unwind_check_reliability);
>> +
>>  /*
>>   * AArch64 PCS assigns the frame pointer to x29.
>>   *
>> @@ -55,6 +71,8 @@ static void notrace unwind_start(struct stackframe *frame, unsigned long fp,
>>  	frame->prev_fp = 0;
>>  	frame->prev_type = STACK_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
>>  	frame->failed = false;
>> +	frame->reliable = true;
>> +	unwind_check_reliability(frame);
>>  }
>>
>>  NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(unwind_start);
>> @@ -138,6 +156,7 @@ static void notrace unwind_next(struct task_struct *tsk,  #endif /*
>> CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER */
>>
>>  	frame->pc = ptrauth_strip_insn_pac(frame->pc);
>> +	unwind_check_reliability(frame);
>>  }
> 
> Isn't it necessary to check "final frame" before unwind_check_reliability()?
> The frame at this point is unwound frame, so may be last frame. 
> 
> Or if move unwind_check_reliability() into unwind(), I think unwind() can
> be twins as below:
> 
> ~~~~~~~~
> unwind(...) {
> 	<...>
> 	for (unwind_start(...); unwind_continue(...); unwind_next(...))
> 		unwind_check_reliability(&frame);
> }
> 
> unwind_reliable(...) {
> 	<...>
> 	for (unwind_start(...); unwind_continue(...); unwind_next(...)) {
> 		unwind_check_reliability(&frame);
> 		if (!frame.reliable)
> 			break;
> 	}
> 
> 	return (frame.reliable && !frame.failed);
> }
> ~~~~~~~~
> 
> 
> 
> Thanks,
> Keiya
> 
> 
>>
>>  NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(unwind_next);
>> @@ -167,7 +186,7 @@ static bool notrace unwind_continue(struct task_struct *task,
>>
>>  NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(unwind_continue);
>>
>> -static void notrace unwind(struct task_struct *tsk,
>> +static bool notrace unwind(struct task_struct *tsk,
>>  			   unsigned long fp, unsigned long pc,
>>  			   bool (*fn)(void *, unsigned long),
>>  			   void *data)
>> @@ -177,6 +196,7 @@ static void notrace unwind(struct task_struct *tsk,
>>  	unwind_start(&frame, fp, pc);
>>  	while (unwind_continue(tsk, &frame, fn, data))
>>  		unwind_next(tsk, &frame);
>> +	return frame.reliable;
>>  }
>>
>>  NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(unwind);
>> @@ -238,4 +258,30 @@ noinline notrace void arch_stack_walk(stack_trace_consume_fn consume_entry,
>>
>>  }
>>
>> +/*
>> + * arch_stack_walk_reliable() may not be used for livepatch until all
>> +of
>> + * the reliability checks are in place in unwind_consume(). However,
>> + * debug and test code can choose to use it even if all the checks are
>> +not
>> + * in place.
>> + */
>> +noinline int notrace arch_stack_walk_reliable(stack_trace_consume_fn consume_fn,
>> +					      void *cookie,
>> +					      struct task_struct *task)
>> +{
>> +	unsigned long fp, pc;
>> +
>> +	if (task == current) {
>> +		/* Skip arch_stack_walk_reliable() in the stack trace. */
>> +		fp = (unsigned long)__builtin_frame_address(1);
>> +		pc = (unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0);
>> +	} else {
>> +		/* Caller guarantees that the task is not running. */
>> +		fp = thread_saved_fp(task);
>> +		pc = thread_saved_pc(task);
>> +	}
>> +	if (unwind(task, fp, pc, consume_fn, cookie))
>> +		return 0;
>> +	return -EINVAL;
>> +}
>> +
>>  #endif
>> --
>> 2.25.1
>