Re: [PATCH v2] arm64: Add support for PTE contiguous bit.

From: David Woods
Date: Wed Nov 18 2015 - 15:34:29 EST

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On 10/20/2015 08:16 AM, Steve Capper wrote:

On Mon, Oct 19, 2015 at 04:09:09PM -0400, David Woods wrote:

>The arm64 MMU supports a Contiguous bit which is a hint that the TTE
>is one of a set of contiguous entries which can be cached in a single
>TLB entry. Supporting this bit adds new intermediate huge page sizes.
>
>The set of huge page sizes available depends on the base page size.
>Without using contiguous pages the huge page sizes are as follows.
>
> 4KB: 2MB 1GB
>64KB: 512MB
>
>With a 4KB granule, the contiguous bit groups together sets of 16 pages
>and with a 64KB granule it groups sets of 32 pages. This enables two new
>huge page sizes in each case, so that the full set of available sizes
>is as follows.
>
> 4KB: 64KB 2MB 32MB 1GB
>64KB: 2MB 512MB 16GB
>
>If a 16KB granule is used then the contiguous bit groups 128 pages
>at the PTE level and 32 pages at the PMD level.
>
>If the base page size is set to 64KB then 2MB pages are enabled by
>default. It is possible in the future to make 2MB the default huge
>page size for both 4KB and 64KB granules.

Thank you for the V2 David,
I have some comments below.

I would recommend running the next version of this series through
the libhugetlbfs test suite, as that may pick up a few things too.

Thanks Steve, for your detailed review. I did run the libhugetlbfs test suite
and it turned up a bug which I'll point out below. I'll post a V3 shortly.

Cheers,
-- Steve
> >+static inline pte_t pte_mkcont(pte_t pte)
>+{
>+ pte = set_pte_bit(pte, __pgprot(PTE_CONT));
>+ return set_pte_bit(pte, __pgprot(PTE_TYPE_PAGE));
>+ return pte;
The second return should be removed.

Done.

> /*
> * Hugetlb definitions.
> */
>-#define HUGE_MAX_HSTATE 2
>+#define HUGE_MAX_HSTATE ((2 * CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS) - 1)
Not sure about this definition. I would just go with the maximum possible
which is for a 4KB granule:
1 x 1GB pud
1 x 2MB pmd
16 x 2MB pmds
16 x 4KB ptes

So 4 for now?

This made some sense when I was thinking of supporting contiguous
PUDs. I've changed it to 4 as you suggest.

> #define HPAGE_SHIFT PMD_SHIFT
> #define HPAGE_SIZE (_AC(1, UL) << HPAGE_SHIFT)
> #define HPAGE_MASK (~(HPAGE_SIZE - 1))
>@@ -496,7 +509,7 @@ static inline pud_t *pud_offset(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr)
> static inline pte_t pte_modify(pte_t pte, pgprot_t newprot)
> {
> const pteval_t mask = PTE_USER | PTE_PXN | PTE_UXN | PTE_RDONLY |
>- PTE_PROT_NONE | PTE_VALID | PTE_WRITE;
>+ PTE_PROT_NONE | PTE_VALID | PTE_WRITE | PTE_CONT;

Why has PTE_CONT been added to the pte_modify mask? This will allow
functions such as mprotect to remove the PTE_CONT bit.

Right, this is not needed anymore.

> >+static inline pte_t pte_modify_pfn(pte_t pte, unsigned long newpfn)
>+{
>+ const pteval_t mask = PHYS_MASK & PAGE_MASK;
>+
>+ pte_val(pte) = pfn_pte(newpfn, (pte_val(pte) & ~mask));
>+ return pte;
>+}
>+
>+static inline pmd_t pmd_modify_pfn(pmd_t pmd, unsigned long newpfn)
>+{
>+ const pmdval_t mask = PHYS_MASK & PAGE_MASK;
>+
>+ pmd = pfn_pmd(newpfn, (pmd_val(pmd) & ~mask));
>+ return pmd;
>+}
pte_modify_pfn and pmd_modify_pfn aren't referenced anywhere in the
patch so should be removed.

Removed.

> >+static int find_num_contig(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
>+ pte_t *ptep, pte_t pte, size_t *pgsize)
>+{
>+ pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
>+ pud_t *pud;
>+ pmd_t *pmd;
>+
>+ if (!pte_cont(pte))
>+ return 1;
>+
>+ pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
>+ pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);

We need to check for pgd_present and pud_present as we walk.
I would be tempted to VM_BUG_ON if they are in an unexpected state.

Ok.

>+ if ((pte_t *)pmd == ptep) {
>+ *pgsize = PMD_SIZE;
>+ return CONT_PMDS;
>+ }

I would check for pmd_present and VM_BUG_ON if it wasn't in an expected
state.

>+ *pgsize = PAGE_SIZE;
>+ return CONT_PTES;
>+}

Another approach would be something like:

struct vm_area_struct *vma = find_vma(mm, addr);
struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(vma);
size_t size = hpage_size(h);

But I think looking at the page table entries like you've done (with
some checking) may be a little better as it can supply some more robust
debugging with DEBUG_VM selected (and it doesn't need to find_vma).

I left it as-is with the appropriate checks added.

>+
>+extern void set_huge_pte_at(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
>+ pte_t *ptep, pte_t pte)

We don't need this extern.

Ok.

>+{
>+ size_t pgsize;
>+ int ncontig = find_num_contig(mm, addr, ptep, pte, &pgsize);
>+
>+ if (ncontig == 1) {
>+ set_pte_at(mm, addr, ptep, pte);

We can return early here and avoid a level of indentation below.

Ok.

>+ } else {
>+ int i;
>+ unsigned long pfn = pte_pfn(pte);
>+ pgprot_t hugeprot =
>+ __pgprot(pte_val(pfn_pte(pfn, 0) ^ pte_val(pte)));
>+ for (i = 0; i < ncontig; i++) {
>+ pr_debug("%s: set pte %p to 0x%llx\n", __func__, ptep,
>+ pfn_pte(pfn, hugeprot));
>+ set_pte_at(mm, addr, ptep, pfn_pte(pfn, hugeprot));
>+ ptep++;
>+ pfn += pgsize / PAGE_SIZE;

nit: pgsize >> PAGE_SHIFT

>+ addr += pgsize;
>+ }
>+ }
>+}

I see... so the contiguous pte and pmd cases are folded together.
The pgsize variable name could be changed, perhaps something like blocksize?
(I am terrible at picking names though :-)).

Well, isn't it still called a page even it it happens to be a
pmd level/huge page?

>+
>+pte_t *huge_pte_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm,
>+ unsigned long addr, unsigned long sz)
>+{
>+ pgd_t *pgd;
>+ pud_t *pud;
>+ pte_t *pte = NULL;
>+
>+ pr_debug("%s: addr:0x%lx sz:0x%lx\n", __func__, addr, sz);
>+ pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
>+ pud = pud_alloc(mm, pgd, addr);

Probably better to simplify the levels of indentation with:
if (!pud)
return NULL;
(or goto out before your pr_debug)

Ok.

>+ if (pud) {

Perhaps better to do something with switch(sz) below?

The problem with using switch is that depending on the number of
page table levels, some of the cases degenerate to the same value.
So we end up with compile time errors because of duplicate case
statements.

>+ if (sz == PUD_SIZE) {
>+ pte = (pte_t *)pud;
>+ } else if (sz == (PAGE_SIZE * CONT_PTES)) {
>+ pmd_t *pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, pud, addr);
>+
>+ WARN_ON(addr & (sz - 1));
>+ pte = pte_alloc_map(mm, NULL, pmd, addr);
>+ } else if (sz == PMD_SIZE) {
>+#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE
>+ if (pud_none(*pud))
>+ pte = huge_pmd_share(mm, addr, pud);
>+ else
>+#endif

This can be simplified to something like:

if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE)
&& pud_none(*pud))
else

So we can remove the preprocessor macros.

Ok.

>+
>+pte_t *huge_pte_offset(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
>+{
>+ pgd_t *pgd;
>+ pud_t *pud;
>+ pmd_t *pmd = NULL;
>+ pte_t *pte = NULL;
>+
>+ pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
>+ pr_debug("%s: addr:0x%lx pgd:%p\n", __func__, addr, pgd);
>+ if (pgd_present(*pgd)) {
Again drop a level of indentation with:
if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
return NULL;

Similarly for pud_present and pmd_present.

Ok.

>+}
>+
>+pte_t arch_make_huge_pte(pte_t entry, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
>+ struct page *page, int writable)
>+{
>+ size_t pagesize = huge_page_size(hstate_vma(vma));
>+
I would go for switch(pagesize) here.

Same as above.

>+ if (pagesize == CONT_PTE_SIZE) {
>+ entry = pte_mkcont(entry);
>+ } else if (pagesize == CONT_PMD_SIZE) {
>+ entry = pmd_pte(pmd_mkcont(pte_pmd(entry)));
>+ } else if (pagesize != PUD_SIZE && pagesize != PMD_SIZE) {
>+ pr_warn("%s: unrecognized huge page size 0x%lx\n",
>+ __func__, pagesize);
>+ }
>+ return entry;
>+}
>+
>+extern pte_t huge_ptep_get_and_clear(struct mm_struct *mm,
>+ unsigned long addr, pte_t *ptep)
>+{
>+ pte_t pte = {0};

nit: Do we need an initial value for pte?

No, it's not necessary.

>+
>+ if (pte_cont(*ptep)) {
>+ int ncontig, i;
>+ size_t pgsize;
>+ pte_t *cpte;
>+ bool is_dirty = false;
>+
>+ cpte = huge_pte_offset(mm, addr);
>+ ncontig = find_num_contig(mm, addr, cpte,
>+ pte_val(*cpte), &pgsize);
>+ /* save the 1st pte to return */
>+ pte = ptep_get_and_clear(mm, addr, cpte);
>+ for (i = 1; i < ncontig; ++i) {
>+ if (pte_dirty(ptep_get_and_clear(mm, addr, ++cpte)))
>+ is_dirty = true;
>+ }

This is the bug I mentioned above which was caught by the test suite.
If CONFIG_ARM64_HW_AFDBM is defined then pte_dirty() becomes a
macro which evaluates its argument twice. I've got a side-effect in there
(++cpte) so it ends up clearing ptes that it shouldn't.

Nice, we are keeping track of the dirty state. This looks to me like
it*should* work well with the dirty bit management patch that Catalin
introduced:
2f4b829 arm64: Add support for hardware updates of the access and dirty pte bits

Because ptep_get_and_clear will atomically get and clear the pte with
respect to the hardware dirty bit management thus we don't lose any
dirty information. huge_pte_dirty is then called on the extracted pte
by core code.

For a contiguous set of ptes/pmds the individual entry will be dirtied
by DBM rather than the complete set so it's good to check them all for
dirty when going through a get and clear.

Technically we don't need to track dirty if CONFIG_ARM64_HW_AFDBM is
not defined as the core code will fault and modify the entire set of
ptes otherwise.

I would be tempted to keep this code as is, but add a comment that
tracking the dirty variable here helps for when we switch on
CONFIG_ARM64_HW_AFDBM.

I added a comment to try to make all this more clear.

>+
>+#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_64K_PAGES
>+static __init int add_default_hugepagesz(void)
>+{
>+ if (size_to_hstate(CONT_PTES * PAGE_SIZE) == NULL)
>+ hugetlb_add_hstate(CONT_PMD_SHIFT);
>+ return 0;
>+}
>+arch_initcall(add_default_hugepagesz);
>+#endif

Why is this initcall defined? Was it for testing?

This is intentional and in a way, the motivation for these changes. We're
expecting most of our customers to run with a 64K granule, but 512M is
too big as a huge page size in many cases. 2M is a lot more useful for
these applications and it's convenient because it is also the default huge
page size with a 4K granule. We think it's useful enough to enable by
default, but are interested to know your thoughts on that.

I think we are missing a few functions:
huge_ptep_set_access_flags
huge_ptep_set_wrprotect
huge_ptep_clear_flush

These functions need to loop through the contiguous set of ptes
or pmds. They should call into the ptep_ equivalents as they will
then work with the DBM patch.

huge_ptep_set_access_flags() was there already, but I've added
the other two.

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