Re: [PATCH v2 08/10] KVM: arm64: guest debug, HW assisted debug support

From: Andrew Jones
Date: Fri Apr 10 2015 - 08:26:34 EST

On Tue, Mar 31, 2015 at 04:08:06PM +0100, Alex Bennée wrote:
> This adds support for userspace to control the HW debug registers for
> guest debug. We'll only copy the $ARCH defined number across as that is
> all that hyp.S will use anyway. I've moved some helper functions into
> the hw_breakpoint.h header for re-use.
>
> As with single step we need to tweak the guest registers to enable the
> exceptions so we need to save and restore those bits.
>
> Two new capabilities have been added to the KVM_EXTENSION ioctl to allow
> userspace to query the number of hardware break and watch points
> available on the host hardware.
>
> As QEMU tests for watchpoints based on the address and not the PC we
> also need to export the value of far_el2 to userspace.
>
> Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@xxxxxxxxxx>
>
> ---
> v2
> - switched to C setup
> - replace host debug registers directly into context
> - minor tweak to api docs
> - setup right register for debug
> - add FAR_EL2 to debug exit structure
> - add support fro trapping debug register access
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/virtual/kvm/api.txt b/Documentation/virtual/kvm/api.txt
> index 17d4f9c..ac34093 100644
> --- a/Documentation/virtual/kvm/api.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/virtual/kvm/api.txt
> @@ -2627,7 +2627,7 @@ The top 16 bits of the control field are architecture specific control
> flags which can include the following:
>
> - KVM_GUESTDBG_USE_SW_BP: using software breakpoints [x86, arm64]
> - - KVM_GUESTDBG_USE_HW_BP: using hardware breakpoints [x86, s390]
> + - KVM_GUESTDBG_USE_HW_BP: using hardware breakpoints [x86, s390, arm64]
> - KVM_GUESTDBG_INJECT_DB: inject DB type exception [x86]
> - KVM_GUESTDBG_INJECT_BP: inject BP type exception [x86]
> - KVM_GUESTDBG_EXIT_PENDING: trigger an immediate guest exit [s390]
> @@ -2642,6 +2642,10 @@ updated to the correct (supplied) values.
> The second part of the structure is architecture specific and
> typically contains a set of debug registers.
>
> +For arm64 the number of debug registers is implementation defined and
> +can be determined by querying the KVM_CAP_GUEST_DEBUG_HW_BPS and
> +KVM_CAP_GUEST_DEBUG_HW_WPS capabilities.
> +
> When debug events exit the main run loop with the reason
> KVM_EXIT_DEBUG with the kvm_debug_exit_arch part of the kvm_run
> structure containing architecture specific debug information.
> diff --git a/arch/arm/kvm/arm.c b/arch/arm/kvm/arm.c
> index c1ed8cb..a286026 100644
> --- a/arch/arm/kvm/arm.c
> +++ b/arch/arm/kvm/arm.c
> @@ -306,6 +306,7 @@ void kvm_arch_vcpu_put(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>
> #define KVM_GUESTDBG_VALID (KVM_GUESTDBG_ENABLE | \
> KVM_GUESTDBG_USE_SW_BP | \
> + KVM_GUESTDBG_USE_HW_BP | \
> KVM_GUESTDBG_SINGLESTEP)
>
> /**
> @@ -328,6 +329,26 @@ int kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_set_guest_debug(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
> return -EINVAL;
>
> vcpu->guest_debug = dbg->control;
> +
> + /* Hardware assisted Break and Watch points */
> + if (vcpu->guest_debug & KVM_GUESTDBG_USE_HW_BP) {
> + int nb = get_num_brps();
> + int nw = get_num_wrps();
> +
> + /* Copy across up to IMPDEF debug registers to our
> + * shadow copy in the vcpu structure. The debug code
> + * will then set them up before we re-enter the guest.
> + */

Is it necessary to limit the number copied here by anything other than
what the struct supports? Userspace gave us a struct kvm_guest_debug_arch,
so let's save the whole thing. How about just

vcpu->arch.guest_debug_regs = *dbg;

> + memcpy(vcpu->arch.guest_debug_regs.dbg_bcr,
> + dbg->arch.dbg_bcr, sizeof(__u64)*nb);
> + memcpy(vcpu->arch.guest_debug_regs.dbg_bvr,
> + dbg->arch.dbg_bvr, sizeof(__u64)*nb);
> + memcpy(vcpu->arch.guest_debug_regs.dbg_wcr,
> + dbg->arch.dbg_wcr, sizeof(__u64)*nw);
> + memcpy(vcpu->arch.guest_debug_regs.dbg_wvr,
> + dbg->arch.dbg_wvr, sizeof(__u64)*nw);
> + }
> +
> } else {
> /* If not enabled clear all flags */
> vcpu->guest_debug = 0;
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/hw_breakpoint.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/hw_breakpoint.h
> index 52b484b..c450552 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/hw_breakpoint.h
> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/hw_breakpoint.h
> @@ -130,6 +130,18 @@ static inline void ptrace_hw_copy_thread(struct task_struct *task)
> }
> #endif
>
> +/* Determine number of BRP registers available. */
> +static inline int get_num_brps(void)
> +{
> + return ((read_cpuid(ID_AA64DFR0_EL1) >> 12) & 0xf) + 1;
> +}
> +
> +/* Determine number of WRP registers available. */
> +static inline int get_num_wrps(void)
> +{
> + return ((read_cpuid(ID_AA64DFR0_EL1) >> 20) & 0xf) + 1;
> +}
> +
> extern struct pmu perf_ops_bp;
>
> #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h
> index 6a33647..2c359c9 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h
> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_host.h
> @@ -106,8 +106,9 @@ struct kvm_vcpu_arch {
> /* Exception Information */
> struct kvm_vcpu_fault_info fault;
>
> - /* Debug state */
> + /* Guest debug state */
> u64 debug_flags;
> + struct kvm_guest_debug_arch guest_debug_regs;
>
> /* Pointer to host CPU context */
> kvm_cpu_context_t *host_cpu_context;
> @@ -126,6 +127,7 @@ struct kvm_vcpu_arch {
> u32 pstate_ss_bit;
> u32 mdscr_el1_bits;
>
> + struct kvm_guest_debug_arch debug_regs;
> } debug_saved_regs;
>
> /* Don't run the guest */
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h b/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h
> index 6ee70a0..73f21e4 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h
> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h
> @@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ struct kvm_guest_debug_arch {
> struct kvm_debug_exit_arch {
> __u64 pc;
> __u32 hsr;
> + __u64 far; /* used for watchpoints */
> };
>
> struct kvm_sync_regs {
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c
> index 98bbe06..923be44 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/hw_breakpoint.c
> @@ -49,18 +49,6 @@ static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, stepping_kernel_bp);
> static int core_num_brps;
> static int core_num_wrps;
>
> -/* Determine number of BRP registers available. */
> -static int get_num_brps(void)
> -{
> - return ((read_cpuid(ID_AA64DFR0_EL1) >> 12) & 0xf) + 1;
> -}
> -
> -/* Determine number of WRP registers available. */
> -static int get_num_wrps(void)
> -{
> - return ((read_cpuid(ID_AA64DFR0_EL1) >> 20) & 0xf) + 1;
> -}
> -
> int hw_breakpoint_slots(int type)
> {
> /*
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/debug.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/debug.c
> index b32362c..3b368f3 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/debug.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/debug.c
> @@ -50,14 +50,19 @@
>
> void kvm_arch_setup_debug(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> {
> + bool trap_debug = false;
> +
> vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2 |= (MDCR_EL2_TPM | MDCR_EL2_TPMCR);
> vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2 |= (MDCR_EL2_TDRA | MDCR_EL2_TDOSA);
>
> - /* Trap debug register access? */
> + trace_kvm_arch_setup_debug_reg32("MDCR_EL2", vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2);

This is 2 patches too early. You don't introduce this tracepoint until
later.

> +
> + /*
> + * If we are not treating debug registers are dirty we need
^^ as
> + * to trap if the guest starts accessing them.
> + */
> if (!vcpu->arch.debug_flags & KVM_ARM64_DEBUG_DIRTY)
> - vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2 |= MDCR_EL2_TDA;
> - else
> - vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2 &= ~MDCR_EL2_TDA;
> + trap_debug = true;

How about just

bool trap_debug = !(vcpu->arch.debug_flags & KVM_ARM64_DEBUG_DIRTY);

at the top instead?

>
> /* Is Guest debugging in effect? */
> if (vcpu->guest_debug) {
> @@ -84,10 +89,69 @@ void kvm_arch_setup_debug(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, MDSCR_EL1) &= ~DBG_MDSCR_SS;
> }
>
> + /*
> + * HW Break/Watch points
> + */
> + if (vcpu->guest_debug & KVM_GUESTDBG_USE_HW_BP) {
> + int nb = get_num_brps();
> + int nw = get_num_wrps();
> + struct kvm_guest_debug_arch *saved, *host;
> +
> + vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, MDSCR_EL1) |=
> + (DBG_MDSCR_KDE|DBG_MDSCR_MDE);
> +
> + /*
> + * First we need to make a copy of the guest
> + * debug registers before we wipe them out
> + * with the ones we want to use.
> + */
> + saved = &vcpu_debug_saved_reg(vcpu, debug_regs);
> + host = &vcpu->arch.guest_debug_regs;

Again, I don't think we need to be so precise with our copy. We can
always copy extra without problems. It's just what we use that matters.
And how about a couple helpers?

debug_regs_save_to(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_guest_debug_arch *dst)
{
memcpy(dst->dbg_bcr, &vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGBCR0_EL1), sizeof(u64)*KVM_ARM_NDBG_REGS);
memcpy(dst->dbg_bvr, &vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGBVR0_EL1), sizeof(u64)*KVM_ARM_NDBG_REGS);
memcpy(dst->dbg_wcr, &vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGWCR0_EL1), sizeof(u64)*KVM_ARM_NDBG_REGS);
memcpy(dst->dbg_wvr, &vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGWVR0_EL1), sizeof(u64)*KVM_ARM_NDBG_REGS);
}
debug_regs_restore_from(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_guest_debug_arch *src)
{
memcpy(&vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGBCR0_EL1), src->dbg_bcr, sizeof(u64)*KVM_ARM_NDBG_REGS);
memcpy(&vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGBVR0_EL1), src->dbg_bvr, sizeof(u64)*KVM_ARM_NDBG_REGS);
memcpy(&vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGWCR0_EL1), src->dbg_wcr, sizeof(u64)*KVM_ARM_NDBG_REGS);
memcpy(&vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGWVR0_EL1), src->dbg_wvr, sizeof(u64)*KVM_ARM_NDBG_REGS);
}

> +
> + /* Save guest values */
> + memcpy(&saved->dbg_bcr,
> + &vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGBCR0_EL1),
> + sizeof(__u64)*nb);
> + memcpy(&saved->dbg_bvr,
> + &vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGBVR0_EL1),
> + sizeof(__u64)*nb);
> + memcpy(&saved->dbg_wcr,
> + &vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGWCR0_EL1),
> + sizeof(__u64)*nw);
> + memcpy(&saved->dbg_wvr,
> + &vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGWVR0_EL1),
> + sizeof(__u64)*nw);
> +
> + /* Copy in host values */
> + memcpy(&vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGBCR0_EL1),
> + &host->dbg_bcr,
> + sizeof(__u64)*nb);
> + memcpy(&vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGBVR0_EL1),
> + &host->dbg_bvr,
> + sizeof(__u64)*nb);
> + memcpy(&vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGWCR0_EL1),
> + &host->dbg_wcr,
> + sizeof(__u64)*nw);
> + memcpy(&vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGWVR0_EL1),
> + &host->dbg_wvr,
> + sizeof(__u64)*nw);
> +
> + /* Make sure hyp.S copies them in/out */
> + vcpu->arch.debug_flags |= KVM_ARM64_DEBUG_DIRTY;
> + /* Also track guest changes */
> + trap_debug = true;
> + }
> +
> } else {
> /* Debug operations can go straight to the guest */
> vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2 &= ~MDCR_EL2_TDE;
> }
> +
> + /* Trap debug register access? */
> + if (trap_debug)
> + vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2 |= MDCR_EL2_TDA;
> + else
> + vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2 &= ~MDCR_EL2_TDA;
> }
>
> void kvm_arch_clear_debug(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> @@ -100,5 +164,31 @@ void kvm_arch_clear_debug(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, MDSCR_EL1) &= ~MDSCR_EL1_DEBUG_BITS;
> vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, MDSCR_EL1) |=
> vcpu_debug_saved_reg(vcpu, mdscr_el1_bits);
> +
> + /*
> + * If we were using HW debug we need to restore the
> + * values the guest had set them up with
> + */
> + if (vcpu->guest_debug & KVM_GUESTDBG_USE_HW_BP) {
> + struct kvm_guest_debug_arch *regs;
> + int nb = get_num_brps();
> + int nw = get_num_wrps();
> +
> + regs = &vcpu_debug_saved_reg(vcpu, debug_regs);
debug_regs_restore_from(vcpu, regs);
> +
> + /* Restore the saved debug register values */
> + memcpy(&vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGBCR0_EL1),
> + &regs->dbg_bcr,
> + sizeof(__u64)*nb);
> + memcpy(&vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGBVR0_EL1),
> + &regs->dbg_bvr,
> + sizeof(__u64)*nb);
> + memcpy(&vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGWCR0_EL1),
> + &regs->dbg_wcr,
> + sizeof(__u64)*nw);
> + memcpy(&vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, DBGWVR0_EL1),
> + &regs->dbg_wvr,
> + sizeof(__u64)*nw);
> + }
> }
> }
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c
> index 16accae..460a1aa 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c
> @@ -101,7 +101,11 @@ static int kvm_handle_guest_debug(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run)
> run->debug.arch.hsr = hsr;
>
> switch (hsr >> ESR_ELx_EC_SHIFT) {
> + case ESR_ELx_EC_WATCHPT_LOW:
> + run->debug.arch.far = vcpu->arch.fault.far_el2;
> + /* fall through */
> case ESR_ELx_EC_SOFTSTP_LOW:
> + case ESR_ELx_EC_BREAKPT_LOW:
> case ESR_ELx_EC_BKPT32:
> case ESR_ELx_EC_BRK64:
> run->debug.arch.pc = *vcpu_pc(vcpu);
> @@ -129,6 +133,8 @@ static exit_handle_fn arm_exit_handlers[] = {
> [ESR_ELx_EC_IABT_LOW] = kvm_handle_guest_abort,
> [ESR_ELx_EC_DABT_LOW] = kvm_handle_guest_abort,
> [ESR_ELx_EC_SOFTSTP_LOW]= kvm_handle_guest_debug,
> + [ESR_ELx_EC_WATCHPT_LOW]= kvm_handle_guest_debug,
> + [ESR_ELx_EC_BREAKPT_LOW]= kvm_handle_guest_debug,
> [ESR_ELx_EC_BKPT32] = kvm_handle_guest_debug,
> [ESR_ELx_EC_BRK64] = kvm_handle_guest_debug,
> };
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/reset.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/reset.c
> index 0b43265..c2732c7 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/reset.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/reset.c
> @@ -64,6 +64,12 @@ int kvm_arch_dev_ioctl_check_extension(long ext)
> case KVM_CAP_ARM_EL1_32BIT:
> r = cpu_has_32bit_el1();
> break;
> + case KVM_CAP_GUEST_DEBUG_HW_BPS:
> + r = get_num_brps();
> + break;
> + case KVM_CAP_GUEST_DEBUG_HW_WPS:
> + r = get_num_wrps();
> + break;
> default:
> r = 0;
> }
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c
> index c370b40..be9b188 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/sys_regs.c
> @@ -196,16 +196,49 @@ static bool trap_dbgauthstatus_el1(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
> * - If the dirty bit is set, save guest registers, restore host
> * registers and clear the dirty bit. This ensure that the host can
> * now use the debug registers.
> + *
> + * We also use this mechanism to set-up the debug registers for guest
setup
> + * debugging. If this is the case we want to ensure the guest sees
> + * the right versions of the registers - even if they are not going to
> + * be effective while guest debug is using HW debug.
> + *
no need for this blank comment line
> */
> +
> static bool trap_debug_regs(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
> const struct sys_reg_params *p,
> const struct sys_reg_desc *r)
> {
> - if (p->is_write) {
> - vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, r->reg) = *vcpu_reg(vcpu, p->Rt);
> - vcpu->arch.debug_flags |= KVM_ARM64_DEBUG_DIRTY;
> + if (vcpu->guest_debug & KVM_GUESTDBG_USE_HW_BP) {
> + struct kvm_guest_debug_arch *saved;
> + __u64 *val;
> +
> + saved = &vcpu_debug_saved_reg(vcpu, debug_regs);

Here we don't bother enforcing num_brps/wrps, which is fine by me.

> +
> + if (r->reg >= DBGBCR0_EL1 && r->reg <= DBGBCR15_EL1)
> + val = &saved->dbg_bcr[r->reg - DBGBCR0_EL1];
> + else if (r->reg >= DBGBVR0_EL1 && r->reg <= DBGBVR15_EL1)
> + val = &saved->dbg_bvr[r->reg - DBGBVR0_EL1];
> + else if (r->reg >= DBGWCR0_EL1 && r->reg <= DBGWCR15_EL1)
> + val = &saved->dbg_wcr[r->reg - DBGWCR0_EL1];
> + else if (r->reg >= DBGWVR0_EL1 && r->reg <= DBGWVR15_EL1)
> + val = &saved->dbg_wvr[r->reg - DBGWVR0_EL1];
> + else {
> + kvm_err("Bad register index %d\n", r->reg);
> + return false;
> + }
> +
> + if (p->is_write)
> + *val = *vcpu_reg(vcpu, p->Rt);
> + else
> + *vcpu_reg(vcpu, p->Rt) = *val;
> +
> } else {
> - *vcpu_reg(vcpu, p->Rt) = vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, r->reg);
> + if (p->is_write) {
> + vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, r->reg) = *vcpu_reg(vcpu, p->Rt);
> + vcpu->arch.debug_flags |= KVM_ARM64_DEBUG_DIRTY;
> + } else {
> + *vcpu_reg(vcpu, p->Rt) = vcpu_sys_reg(vcpu, r->reg);
> + }
> }
>
> return true;
> diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h b/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
> index ce2db14..0e48c0d 100644
> --- a/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
> +++ b/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
> @@ -771,6 +771,8 @@ struct kvm_ppc_smmu_info {
> #define KVM_CAP_PPC_ENABLE_HCALL 104
> #define KVM_CAP_CHECK_EXTENSION_VM 105
> #define KVM_CAP_S390_USER_SIGP 106
> +#define KVM_CAP_GUEST_DEBUG_HW_BPS 107
> +#define KVM_CAP_GUEST_DEBUG_HW_WPS 108
>
> #ifdef KVM_CAP_IRQ_ROUTING
>
> --
> 2.3.4
>
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