Re: [PATCH v11 06/15] memcg: per-memcg kmem shrinking

[Johannes Weiner]

On Mon, Nov 25, 2013 at 04:07:39PM +0400, Vladimir Davydov wrote:
> From: Glauber Costa <glommer@xxxxxxxxxx>
> 
> If the kernel limit is smaller than the user limit, we will have
> situations in which our allocations fail but freeing user pages will buy
> us nothing.  In those, we would like to call a specialized memcg
> reclaimer that only frees kernel memory and leave the user memory alone.
> Those are also expected to fail when we account memcg->kmem, instead of
> when we account memcg->res. Based on that, this patch implements a
> memcg-specific reclaimer, that only shrinks kernel objects, withouth
> touching user pages.
> 
> There might be situations in which there are plenty of objects to
> shrink, but we can't do it because the __GFP_FS flag is not set.
> Although they can happen with user pages, they are a lot more common
> with fs-metadata: this is the case with almost all inode allocation.
> 
> For those cases, the best we can do is to spawn a worker and fail the
> current allocation.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@xxxxxxx>
> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@xxxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@xxxxxxx>
> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> ---
>  include/linux/swap.h |    2 +
>  mm/memcontrol.c      |  118 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
>  mm/vmscan.c          |   44 ++++++++++++++++++-
>  3 files changed, 157 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/swap.h b/include/linux/swap.h
> index 46ba0c6..367a773 100644
> --- a/include/linux/swap.h
> +++ b/include/linux/swap.h
> @@ -309,6 +309,8 @@ extern unsigned long try_to_free_pages(struct zonelist *zonelist, int order,
>  extern int __isolate_lru_page(struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode);
>  extern unsigned long try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(struct mem_cgroup *mem,
>  						  gfp_t gfp_mask, bool noswap);
> +extern unsigned long try_to_free_mem_cgroup_kmem(struct mem_cgroup *mem,
> +						 gfp_t gfp_mask);
>  extern unsigned long mem_cgroup_shrink_node_zone(struct mem_cgroup *mem,
>  						gfp_t gfp_mask, bool noswap,
>  						struct zone *zone,
> diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c
> index e9bdcf3..9be1e8b 100644
> --- a/mm/memcontrol.c
> +++ b/mm/memcontrol.c
> @@ -330,6 +330,8 @@ struct mem_cgroup {
>  	atomic_t	numainfo_events;
>  	atomic_t	numainfo_updating;
>  #endif
> +	/* when kmem shrinkers can sleep but can't proceed due to context */
> +	struct work_struct kmemcg_shrink_work;
>  
>  	struct mem_cgroup_per_node *nodeinfo[0];
>  	/* WARNING: nodeinfo must be the last member here */
> @@ -341,11 +343,14 @@ static size_t memcg_size(void)
>  		nr_node_ids * sizeof(struct mem_cgroup_per_node);
>  }
>  
> +static DEFINE_MUTEX(set_limit_mutex);
> +
>  /* internal only representation about the status of kmem accounting. */
>  enum {
>  	KMEM_ACCOUNTED_ACTIVE = 0, /* accounted by this cgroup itself */
>  	KMEM_ACCOUNTED_ACTIVATED, /* static key enabled. */
>  	KMEM_ACCOUNTED_DEAD, /* dead memcg with pending kmem charges */
> +	KMEM_MAY_SHRINK, /* kmem limit < mem limit, shrink kmem only */
>  };
>  
>  /* We account when limit is on, but only after call sites are patched */
> @@ -389,6 +394,31 @@ static bool memcg_kmem_test_and_clear_dead(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
>  	return test_and_clear_bit(KMEM_ACCOUNTED_DEAD,
>  				  &memcg->kmem_account_flags);
>  }
> +
> +/*
> + * If the kernel limit is smaller than the user limit, we will have situations
> + * in which our allocations fail but freeing user pages will buy us nothing.
> + * In those, we would like to call a specialized memcg reclaimer that only
> + * frees kernel memory and leaves the user memory alone.
> + *
> + * This test exists so we can differentiate between those. Every time one of the
> + * limits is updated, we need to run it. The set_limit_mutex must be held, so
> + * they don't change again.
> + */
> +static void memcg_update_shrink_status(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
> +{
> +	mutex_lock(&set_limit_mutex);
> +	if (res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->kmem, RES_LIMIT) <
> +		res_counter_read_u64(&memcg->res, RES_LIMIT))
> +		set_bit(KMEM_MAY_SHRINK, &memcg->kmem_account_flags);
> +	else
> +		clear_bit(KMEM_MAY_SHRINK, &memcg->kmem_account_flags);
> +	mutex_unlock(&set_limit_mutex);
> +}

Fold this into the limit updating function.

> @@ -2964,8 +2994,6 @@ static void __mem_cgroup_commit_charge(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
>  	memcg_check_events(memcg, page);
>  }
>  
> -static DEFINE_MUTEX(set_limit_mutex);
> -
>  #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM
>  static inline bool memcg_can_account_kmem(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
>  {
> @@ -3062,15 +3090,54 @@ static int mem_cgroup_slabinfo_read(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
>  }
>  #endif
>  
> +static int memcg_try_charge_kmem(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, gfp_t gfp, u64 size)
> +{
> +	int retries = MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES;
> +	struct res_counter *fail_res;
> +	int ret;
> +
> +	do {
> +		ret = res_counter_charge(&memcg->kmem, size, &fail_res);
> +		if (!ret)
> +			return ret;
> +
> +		/*
> +		 * We will try to shrink kernel memory present in caches.  If
> +		 * we can't wait, we will have no option rather than fail the
> +		 * current allocation and make room in the background hoping
> +		 * the next one will succeed.
> +		 *
> +		 * If we are in FS context, then although we can wait,
> +		 * we cannot call the shrinkers. Most fs shrinkers will not run
> +		 * without __GFP_FS since they can deadlock.
> +		 */
> +		if (!(gfp & __GFP_WAIT) || !(gfp & __GFP_FS)) {
> +			/*
> +			 * we are already short on memory, every queue
> +			 * allocation is likely to fail.
> +			 */
> +			memcg_stop_kmem_account();
> +			schedule_work(&memcg->kmemcg_shrink_work);
> +			memcg_resume_kmem_account();
> +		} else
> +			try_to_free_mem_cgroup_kmem(memcg, gfp);
> +	} while (retries--);
> +
> +	return ret;
> +}
> +
>  static int memcg_charge_kmem(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, gfp_t gfp, u64 size)
>  {
>  	struct res_counter *fail_res;
>  	struct mem_cgroup *_memcg;
>  	int ret = 0;
> +	bool kmem_first = test_bit(KMEM_MAY_SHRINK, &memcg->kmem_account_flags);
>  
> -	ret = res_counter_charge(&memcg->kmem, size, &fail_res);
> -	if (ret)
> -		return ret;
> +	if (kmem_first) {
> +		ret = memcg_try_charge_kmem(memcg, gfp, size);
> +		if (ret)
> +			return ret;
> +	}
>  
>  	_memcg = memcg;
>  	ret = __mem_cgroup_try_charge(NULL, gfp, size >> PAGE_SHIFT,
> @@ -3096,13 +3163,47 @@ static int memcg_charge_kmem(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, gfp_t gfp, u64 size)
>  		if (do_swap_account)
>  			res_counter_charge_nofail(&memcg->memsw, size,
>  						  &fail_res);
> +		if (!kmem_first)
> +			res_counter_charge_nofail(&memcg->kmem, size, &fail_res);
>  		ret = 0;
> -	} else if (ret)
> +	} else if (ret && kmem_first)
>  		res_counter_uncharge(&memcg->kmem, size);
>  
> +	if (!ret && !kmem_first) {
> +		ret = res_counter_charge(&memcg->kmem, size, &fail_res);
> +		if (!ret)
> +			return ret;
> +
> +		res_counter_uncharge(&memcg->res, size);
> +		if (do_swap_account)
> +			res_counter_uncharge(&memcg->memsw, size);
> +	}

This is no longer readable.  We have 3 res counters with non-descript
names, charged in a certain combination in a certain order depending
on a bunch of non-descript states, and no documentation.  Please fix
this.

> +
>  	return ret;
>  }
>  
> +/*
> + * There might be situations in which there are plenty of objects to shrink,
> + * but we can't do it because the __GFP_FS flag is not set.  This is the case
> + * with almost all inode allocation. Unfortunately we have no idea which fs
> + * locks we are holding to put ourselves in this situation, so the best we
> + * can do is to spawn a worker, fail the current allocation and hope that
> + * the next one succeeds.
> + *
> + * One way to make it better is to introduce some sort of implicit soft-limit
> + * that would trigger background reclaim for memcg when we are close to the
> + * kmem limit, so that we would never have to be faced with direct reclaim
> + * potentially lacking __GFP_FS.
> + */
> +static void kmemcg_shrink_work_fn(struct work_struct *w)
> +{
> +	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
> +
> +	memcg = container_of(w, struct mem_cgroup, kmemcg_shrink_work);
> +	try_to_free_mem_cgroup_kmem(memcg, GFP_KERNEL);
> +}
> +
> +
>  static void memcg_uncharge_kmem(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, u64 size)
>  {
>  	res_counter_uncharge(&memcg->res, size);
> @@ -5289,6 +5390,8 @@ static int mem_cgroup_write(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css, struct cftype *cft,
>  			ret = memcg_update_kmem_limit(css, val);
>  		else
>  			return -EINVAL;
> +		if (!ret)
> +			memcg_update_shrink_status(memcg);
>  		break;
>  	case RES_SOFT_LIMIT:
>  		ret = res_counter_memparse_write_strategy(buffer, &val);
> @@ -5922,6 +6025,7 @@ static int memcg_init_kmem(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
>  	int ret;
>  
>  	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&memcg->memcg_slab_caches);
> +	INIT_WORK(&memcg->kmemcg_shrink_work, kmemcg_shrink_work_fn);
>  	mutex_init(&memcg->slab_caches_mutex);
>  	memcg->kmemcg_id = -1;
>  	ret = memcg_propagate_kmem(memcg);
> @@ -5941,6 +6045,8 @@ static void kmem_cgroup_css_offline(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
>  	if (!memcg_kmem_is_active(memcg))
>  		return;
>  
> +	cancel_work_sync(&memcg->kmemcg_shrink_work);
> +
>  	/*
>  	 * kmem charges can outlive the cgroup. In the case of slab
>  	 * pages, for instance, a page contain objects from various
> diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c
> index 652dfa3..cdfc364 100644
> --- a/mm/vmscan.c
> +++ b/mm/vmscan.c
> @@ -2730,7 +2730,49 @@ unsigned long try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
>  
>  	return nr_reclaimed;
>  }
> -#endif
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM
> +/*
> + * This function is called when we are under kmem-specific pressure.  It will
> + * only trigger in environments with kmem.limit_in_bytes < limit_in_bytes, IOW,
> + * with a lower kmem allowance than the memory allowance.
> + *
> + * In this situation, freeing user pages from the cgroup won't do us any good.
> + * What we really need is to call the memcg-aware shrinkers, in the hope of
> + * freeing pages holding kmem objects. It may also be that we won't be able to
> + * free any pages, but will get rid of old objects opening up space for new
> + * ones.
> + */
> +unsigned long try_to_free_mem_cgroup_kmem(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
> +					  gfp_t gfp_mask)
> +{
> +	long freed;
> +
> +	struct shrink_control shrink = {
> +		.gfp_mask = gfp_mask,
> +		.target_mem_cgroup = memcg,
> +	};
> +
> +	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT))
> +		return 0;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * memcg pressure is always global */
> +	nodes_setall(shrink.nodes_to_scan);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * We haven't scanned any user LRU, so we basically come up with
> +	 * crafted values of nr_scanned and LRU page (1 and 0 respectively).
> +	 * This should be enough to tell shrink_slab that the freeing
> +	 * responsibility is all on himself.
> +	 */
> +	freed = shrink_slab(&shrink, 1, 0);

Never make up phony values to be able to use a function that was
written for a completely separate use case.  We own the whole source
tree, refactor the code so it makes sense in all paths.
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